【题目】 同学们听说过天山的雪莲吗，它主要生长在海拔3000米以上的悬崖峭壁之中。在20世纪五六十年代，天山野生雪莲可生长区域面积大约有300万公顷，但目前仅剩下60万公顷左右了。据此完成下列各题。
【1】从材料可知，雪莲生长的环境是（ ）
A.低缓的丘陵B.高寒的山区C.湿热的平原D.干旱的沙漠
【2】导致天山野生雪莲可生长区域面积大量减少的主要原因是（ ）
A.地震灾害频发B.农业结构调整C.全球气候变暖D.水土流失严重
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【解析】
天山野生雪莲是新疆特有的珍奇名贵中草药；生长于天山山脉海拔3000米左右的悬崖陡壁之上、冰渍岩缝之中；那里气候奇寒、终年积雪不化，一般植物根本无法生存，而雪莲却能在零下几十度的严寒中和空气稀薄的缺氧环境中傲霜斗雪、顽强生长。这种独有的生存习性和独特的生长环境使其天然而稀有，并造就了它独特的药理作用和神奇的药用价值，人们奉雪莲为“百草之王”、“药中极品”。
【1】天山的雪莲主要生长在海拔3000米以上的悬崖峭壁之中，海拔每升高1千米气温下降6度左右，因此天山从山脚到山顶温度差别极大，海拔3000米以上的悬崖峭壁温度很低，是高寒山区，故天山野生雪莲生长的适宜环境是高寒的山区。故选：B。
【2】天山野生雪莲主要生长在海拔3000米以上雪线附近的悬崖峭壁之中，生长在高寒的山区，环境险峻，人类攀爬困难，采摘更为困难，由于全球气候变暖，破坏了天山野生雪莲的生长环境，使其适合生存的区域越来越小，导致天山野生雪莲可生长区域面积大量减少。故选：C。
本题主要考查新疆的自然环境和生态环境问题，理解解答即可。
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