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【题目】黄河水系简图,完成问题:

黄河水系简图

(1)写出图中序号所代表的支流名称:

(2)黄河入海水70%以上来自兰州以上河段,黄河流经宁夏平原和河套平原水量减少的原因是

(3)黄河中游的主要问题是 ,治理的生物措施是 ,工程措施是

(4)黄河下游的主要生态问题是 ,形成原因是 ,改造利用的主要措施是

【答案】

(1)渭河 汾河

(2)工农业及城市用水增加

(3)水土流失 植树造林 打坝淤地,修建小型水库

(4)地上河 流速变缓,泥沙大量淤积 治理中游水土流失,疏浚河道

【解析】

试题分析:本题考查黄河的基本概况。(1)据图可知A是黄河最大支流,为渭河;B位于山西省,故其为汾河;(2)宁夏平原和河套平原,被称为塞外江南,黄河水是其主要的灌溉水源;工业城市比较多,故其工业用水量也大,故黄河流经宁夏平原和河套平原的水量减少较多。(3)黄河中游黄土高原水土流失严重,治理的生物措施主要是植树造林,工程措施采用打坝淤地、修建小型的水库等。(4)黄河下游为地上河,形成其主要原因是水流变缓,黄河夹带的大量的泥沙,在下游大量沉积于河床形成的。改造的主要措施为治理黄河中游的水土流失,结合疏浚河道进行治理,效果较好。

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