£¨2012?»³ÈáÇø¶þÄ££©Ä³ÐËȤС×éͬѧΪ֤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁËÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬´Ó²»Í¬½Ç¶ÈÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑé·½°¸£¬²¢½øÐÐʵÑ飮
·½°¸Ò»£ºÏÈÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ²¢²»¶ÏÕñµ´ÈÜÒº£¬Í¬Ê±²â¶¨»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬Èç¹û²âµÃµÄpHÖð½¥±äСÇÒСÓÚ7£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£º
½«PHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔÚ±íÃæÃóÉÏ£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿´ý²âÒºµÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬½«ÊÔÖ½ÑÕÉ«Óë±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ¶Á³öpH
½«PHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔÚ±íÃæÃóÉÏ£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿´ý²âÒºµÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬½«ÊÔÖ½ÑÕÉ«Óë±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ¶Á³öpH
£®
£¨2£©¼òÊöÇ¿µ÷¡°²âµÃµÄpHСÓÚ7¡±µÄÀíÓÉ£º
ÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬ÕâʱÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHСÓÚ7
ÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬ÕâʱÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHСÓÚ7
£®
·½°¸¶þ£ºÏÈÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖеμӼ¸µÎ·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔºìÉ«£¬È»ºóÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ¿É¹Û²ìµ½ºìÉ«Öð½¥Ïûʧ£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧÔÚÏòNaOHÈÜÒºÖеμӷÓ̪ÈÜҺʱ£¬·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÒâÍâÏÖÏó£ºÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒº±ä³ÉÁ˺ìÉ«£¬¹ýÁËÒ»»á¶ùºìÉ«¾ÍÏûʧÁË£®¸ÃС×é¶ÔÕâÖÖÒâÍâÏÖÏóµÄÔÒò×÷ÁËÈçϲÂÏ룺
¢Ù¿ÉÄÜÊÇ·Ó̪ÈÜÒºÓë¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆø·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹ºìÉ«Ïûʧ£»
¢Ú¿ÉÄÜÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÓë¿ÕÆøÖеĶþÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹ºìÉ«Ïûʧ£®
£¨1£©ÎªÑéÖ¤²ÂÏë¢Ù£¬¸Ã×éͬѧ×öÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飺½«ÅäÖƵÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈ£¬²¢ÔÚÒºÃæÉÏ·½µÎһЩֲÎïÓÍ£¬È»ºóÔÚÀäÈ´ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£®ÊµÑéÖС°¼ÓÈÈ¡±ºÍ¡°µÎÈëÖ²ÎïÓÍ¡±Ä¿µÄÊÇ
³ýÑõºÍ¸ôÑõ
³ýÑõºÍ¸ôÑõ
£®ÊµÑé½á¹û±íÃ÷·Ó̪ÈÜÒººìÉ«ÏûʧÓë¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøÎ޹أ®
£¨2£©ÎªÑéÖ¤²ÂÏë¢Ú£¬¸Ã×éͬѧ×öÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飺ȡÁËÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNa
2CO
3ÈÜÒº£¬ÔÚÆäÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬·¢ÏÖÈÜÒºÒ²³ÊÏÖºìÉ«£¬Óɴ˿ɵóöÒÔÏÂÁ½µã½áÂÛ£º
½áÂÛ1£ºËµÃ÷Na
2CO
3ÈÜÒº³Ê
¼î
¼î
ÐÔ£»
½áÂÛ2£ºËµÃ÷·Ó̪ÈÜÒººìÉ«ÏûʧÓë¿ÕÆøÖеĶþÑõ»¯Ì¼Î޹أ®
£¨3£©¸ÃС×éͬѧͨ¹ý²éÔÄ×ÊÁϵÃÖª£ºµ±ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺŨ¶ÈºÜ´óʱ£¬¾Í»á³öÏÖÉÏÊöÒâÍâÏÖÏó£®ÇëÉè¼ÆʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷¸Ã·½°¸ÖÐÈ¡ÓõÄNaOHÈÜҺŨ¶È¹ý´ó£º¢ÙʵÑé·½·¨
ÏòÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖеμ¸µÎ·Ó̪ÊÔÒº£¬¿É¹Û²ìµ½ÈÜÒºÏȱäºìÉ«£¬¹ýÒ»»áºìÉ«Ïûʧ£¬ÔÙÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëË®½øÐÐÏ¡ÊÍ£¬¹Û²ìÏÖÏó
ÏòÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖеμ¸µÎ·Ó̪ÊÔÒº£¬¿É¹Û²ìµ½ÈÜÒºÏȱäºìÉ«£¬¹ýÒ»»áºìÉ«Ïûʧ£¬ÔÙÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëË®½øÐÐÏ¡ÊÍ£¬¹Û²ìÏÖÏó
£¬¢Ú¹Û²ìµ½µÄÏÖÏó
ÈÜÒº³ÊºìÉ«²»Ïûʧ£®
ÈÜÒº³ÊºìÉ«²»Ïûʧ£®
£®
·½°¸Èý£º»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐͨ³£°éËæÓÐÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬¿É½èÖú·´Ó¦Ç°ºóµÄζȱ仯À´ÅжϷ´Ó¦µÄ·¢Éú£®Èç¹ûNaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá»ìºÏÇ°ºóζÈÓб仯£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧ½«²»Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄÑÎËáºÍNaOHÈÜÒº¸÷10mL»ìºÏ£¬ÓÃζȼƲⶨÊÒÎÂÏ»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵı仯£¬²¢¼Ç¼ÁËÿ´Î»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵÄÉý¸ßÖµ¡÷t£¨ÈçÏÂ±í£©£®
񅧏 |
ÑÎËá |
NaOHÈÜÒº |
¡÷t/¡æ |
1 |
3.65% |
2.00% |
3.5 |
2 |
3.65% |
4.00% |
x |
3 |
7.30% |
8.00% |
14 |
£¨1£©±íÖÐx=
7
7
£®
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§ÔÚûʹÓÃζȼƵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Í¨¹ýÈçͼ1ËùʾװÖÃÍê³ÉÁËʵÑ飮Ôò¸Ãͬѧ¸ù¾Ý
UÐ͹ÜÖÐÒºÃæ×óµÍÓÒ¸ß
UÐ͹ÜÖÐÒºÃæ×óµÍÓÒ¸ß
ÅжÏNaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁËÖкͷ´Ó¦£®
£¨3£©¹ØÓÚʵÑéÖеÄϸ½ÚºÍÒâÍâÇé¿ö£º
¢ÙʵÑéÖУ¬Ï¡ÑÎËá±ØÐëÓýºÍ·µÎ¹ÜÖðµÎµÎ¼Ó£¬ÕâÑù×öµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
·ÀֹϡÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿
·ÀֹϡÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿
£®
¢ÚʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒªÓò£Á§°ô²»¶Ï½Á°è£¬ÕâÑù×öµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
ʹ·´Ó¦³ä·Ö
ʹ·´Ó¦³ä·Ö
£®
¢ÛÔÚʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖÐÒâÍâ·¢ÏÖÓÐÆøÅݳöÏÖ£¬ÄãÈÏΪÔÒòÊÇ
ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÄÆ
ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÄÆ
£®
¢Ü·¢ÏÖÊ¢·ÅNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿Æ¿¿ÚºÍÏðƤÈûÉϳöÏÖÁË°×É«·ÛÄ©£®ËûÃÇÒÀ¾ÝËùѧµÄ»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶£¬¶ÔÕâÖÖ°×É«·ÛÄ©µÄ³É·Ö×÷ÁËÈçϲÂÏ룺¢Ù¿ÉÄÜÊÇNaOH£»ÄãÈÏΪ£º¢Ú¿ÉÄÜÊÇ
Na2CO3
Na2CO3
£» ¢Û¿ÉÄÜÊÇ
NaOHÓëNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎï
NaOHÓëNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎï
£®
£¨4£©ÎªÁ˽øÒ»²½Ñо¿ÊµÑéÖгöÏÖµÄÎÊÌ⣬ȡÁË13.3gÇâÑõ»¯ÄƹÌÌåÑùÆ·¼ÓÊÊÁ¿µÄË®Åä³ÉÈÜÒº£¬ÏòÆäÖмÓÈë200g10%µÄÏ¡ÑÎËᣬʹÆä³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼2.2g£®Çó£º
£¨1£©ÑùÆ·ÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£»
£¨2£©ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿£»
£¨3£©ÔÚͼ2Öл³öÒÔ×Ý×ø±ê±íʾ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÖÊÁ¿£¬ºá×ø±ê±íʾÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Øϵͼ£®£¨ÒÑÖªNa
2CO
3+2HCl¨T2NaCl+H
2O+CO
2¡ü£©