After spending years searching for a planet with life, scientists may have found one. In September 2010, a team of US scientists discovered an Earth-sized planet called Gliese 581g. It has a surface temperature neither too hot nor too cold for liquid（液态）water. Scientists think there is a chance that the planet could have life.
The planet Gliese 581g goes around a star called Gliese 581, which is about 20 light-years from Earth. That is about 194 trillion（万亿）kilometres －500 million times farther away from us than the moon.
A spacecraft traveling at a one-tenth of the speed of light would reach Gliese 581g within about 220 years. A human can’t live that long, but robotic explorers could make the job easier. However, our fastest spacecraft don’t come anywhere near that one-tenth light-speed mark.
At present, scientists don’t know what the surface might be like on Gliese 581g. What they know is that the planet is at the right distance from its star to have liquid water. It’s also at the right distance to have an atmosphere that could protect the water if it is on the surface.
Although spacecraft won’t be getting there anytime soon, one way to look for life on Gliese 581g is to turn our radio telescopes（望远镜）towards the planet and search for radiation（放射）. By studying the radiation, scientists would find out about the chemicals（化学物质）around the planet and discover if Gliese 581g has an atmosphere. If it has one, studying the atmosphere would give us a good idea whether the planet has life or not. But it’ll probably be many years before we can do this properly.
People have been arguing about whether there is alien life on Gliese 581g. Any discussion about alien life is just guessing at this point, according to its discoverers.
【小题1】What did scientists find in September 2010?
| A．A planet with water. | B．A planet similar to the earth. |
| C．A planet without life. | D．A planet near the earth. |
| A．is at the right distance from its star | B．moves around the earth |
| C．is as far away from us as the moon | D．can be reached in about 220 years |
| A．the possibility of living on Gliese 581g |
| B．the kinds of chemicals around Gliese 581g |
| C．the way of looking for life on Gliese 581g |
| D．the aim of studying the radiation on Gliese 581g |
| A．Gliese 581g, a Likely Living Planet | B．Gliese 581, a Likely Living Planet |
| C．Gliese 581g and Its Star | D．Gliese 581g and Radiation |
【小题1】A
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【小题4】A
解析试题分析：这篇文章主要讲的是科学家在2010年9月发现的一颗非常类似地球的行星Gliese 581g。
【小题1】细节题。根据文章In September 2010, a team of US scientists discovered an Earth-sized planet called Gliese 581g. It has a surface temperature neither too hot nor too cold for liquid（液态）water.可知，2010年9月，科学家发现了一个表面存在液态水的行星。故选A
【小题2】细节题。根据文章What they know is that the planet is at the right distance from its star to have liquid water.可知，gliese 581g行星位于红矮星gliese 581的“适居带”Goldilocks zone量程内。故选A
【小题3】细节题。文章第五段主要讲的是在行星Gliese 581g上寻找生命的方法。故选C
【小题4】主旨题。这篇文章主要讲的是科学家在2010年9月发现的一颗非常类似地球的行星Gliese 581g。故选A
考点：科普类说明文
点评：本文的思路清晰，结构明确。首先对作者所说明的事情进行理解。本文细节题很多，对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，答题比较备选答案的区别及和文章信息最相关的是哪个，即那个就为正确答案。
科目：初中英语 来源：2013届湖北省蕲春县漕河镇初级中学九年级第一次中考模拟考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Our earth is in trouble. Our drinking water is becoming dirtier, and the air is not as clean as before. People and factories are polluting the air, rivers and lakes and seas. You may think that there is mothing you can do to help. That’s not true. There are many things you can do to help the earth.
Cars burn gasoline. This will produce a lot of CO2 into the air. Some people believe that too much CO2 is making the earth warmer than ever. They think CO2 thins the clouds above us. The clouds keep us away from the strongest sunlight. So try to walk, ride a bike or take a bus. And if you drive a car, drive at a steady speed. This can save some gasoline.
The biggest energy use at home is for keeping warm and cool. So turn the air conditioner off when you don’t need to use it. Use lights that save energy.
Use fewer things that cannot be used again. When you buy something, consider those made from things that can be used again first.
（1）要用大量的水来洗澡沐浴。In one week an American family uses as much water for showers as a person drinks in three years! Buy a waterworks that uses less water, or take shorter showers. This can cut the use of water.
【小题1】将（1）处译成英语。
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【小题2】找出 If there is too much CO2 in the air, the earth will become warmer 的同义句。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【小题3】从文中找出能概括本文大意的句子。
_______________________________________________________________________________
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届江苏泰兴溪桥初级中学九年级下学期第一次月度英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Some people believe that classes, teachers and school buildings will no longer be necessary in the near future because of the Internet and other new technology. Perhaps this will be true one day, but if the world has no schools, I can't imagine how our society will be. In fact, we should learn how to use new technology to make schools better. We should invent a new kind of school connected to libraries, museums, science centers, labs and even companies. Technological companies should create learning programs for schools. Scientists could give talks through the Internet. TV networks and local stations could develop programs about things students are studying in school. Labs could set up websites to show new technology, so students could see it on the Internet.
Is this a dream? No. There have been many cities where this is beginning to happen. Here the whole city is connected to the Internet, and learning can take place at home, at school, and in the office. Businesses provide programs for the schools and the society. The schools provide computer labs for people without their own computers at home. Because everyone can go on the Internet, older people use it as much as younger ones, and everyone can visit faraway libraries and museums as easily as nearby ones. How will this new thing of school change the usual way of learning? It is a little early to be sure, but it is very exciting to think about it. Technology will change the way we learn; schools will change as well; and we will learn something from the Internet.
【小题1】Who thinks that students won’t have to go to school?
| A．Everyone. | B．The writer. | C．Some people. | D．The teachers. |
| A．A school with many new computers. | B．A school with many new students. |
| C．A school with many new teachers. | D．A school connected to the Internet. |
| A．schools are still necessary | B．more schools should be built |
| C．there should be fewer schools | D．more computers are needed in schools |
| A．Because whole city is connected to the Internet. |
| B．Because everyone can go on the Internet. |
| C．Because getting online is very easy. |
| D．Because Scientists could give talks through the Internet. |
| A．Technology will change our way of learning. |
| B．If you are a student, you can set up websites to show new technology. |
| C．The schools provide computer labs for those who have no personal computers. |
| D．On the Internet, you can visit another city's libraries as easily as the people there. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届江苏泰州市海陵区九年级中考二模英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
A science book gives facts. Some science books tell us about animals. Some tell us about plants. Some tell us about outer space. This page tells us about animals.
Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air.
The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals, too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air, as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other.
Many other animals live near the sea. Seals（海豹）and otters（水獭）love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat fish and sea plants. Seals and otters have thick fur. The fur keeps them warm.
【小题1】The passage mainly tells us about ____________.
| A．fishes | B．plants | C．science | D．sea animals |
| A．dolphins | B．fish | C．crocodiles | D．sea plants |
| A．The whale can swim in the sea like a fish. |
| B．The whale can breathe in the sea like a fish. |
| C．Both whales and dolphins are sea animals. |
| D．Seals and otters like living near the sea. |
| A．Meat. | B．Fruits. | C．Both fish and sea plants. | D．Leaves. |
| A．they are big animals | B．they like playing in the sea |
| C．they have thick fur | D．they eat enough food every day |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届江苏省无锡市北塘区九年级中考二模英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
【小题1】Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
| A．young chimpanzee that live on an island |
| B．18-month-old children who live in Germany |
| C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees |
| D．adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain |
| A．people also share information for good reason |
| B．children know something at the age of 18 months |
| C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too |
| D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago |
| A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one |
| B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done |
| C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments |
| D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward |
| A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others |
| B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees |
| C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways |
| D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届北京市海淀区中考二模英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in freezing weather? Would it freeze solid(固体) and fall to the ground? Would you have to hit it to break it? These questions happened to me on a cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles.
To blow frozen bubbles, I used dishwashing soap and a drop of glycerin（甘油） to make it even better. I chose a place out of the wind, and blew bubbles the same way I always do. I watched to see what would happen. Here’s what I learned.
If the temperature is low enough, the skin of the bubbles frosts over (结霜), becoming cloudy instead of clear. And what about those rainbow swirls（旋转） you see in soap bubbles? The rainbow colors stay even when the bubbles frost, but they don’t swirl anymore. The bubbles still stay in the air. They don’t fall to the ground any faster than they would on a warm summer day.
When these frozen bubbles break, they don’t turn into small water drops as summer bubbles do. They turn into flashing rainbow confetti（碎屑） and move slowly to the ground. Sometimes a frozen bubble will roll across the snow without breaking. If nothing disturbs the bubble, it may stay there for a long time. Sometimes I could catch a bubble and hold it until the heat of my hand made it pop.
I learned another thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It’s so interesting that I want to try it again next year.
【小题1】It is the perfect time to blow frozen bubbles on a ___________day.
| A．cold winter | B．warm spring | C．hot summer | D．sunny autumn |
| A．they make a big sound | B．they turn into small drops |
| C．they fall to the ground like rain | D．they become rainbow confetti |
| A．to learn how to do a science experiment |
| B．to show the experiment of blowing frozen bubbles |
| C．to discover games that are fun to play in the snow |
| D．to invent a new kind of soap that makes stronger bubbles |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年江苏盐城第一初级中学教育集团初三下调研考试英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Almost every Chinese person can recite(背诵) the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work ”. But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Absolutely not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?
1. Don’t order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don’t leave any food in your bowls while having meals.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
【小题1】What’s the real meaning of the underlined sentence?
| A．春种一粒粟，秋收万颗籽。 | B．谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。 |
| C．吏禄三百石，岁晏有余粮。 | D．足蒸暑土气，背灼炎天光。 |
| A．6 million. | B．925 million. | C．200 million. | D．725 million. |
| A．Order more food in a restaurant. |
| B．Every time you eat, leave some food in your bowls. |
| C．Take all the food you ordered home. |
| D．Don’t store too much food like vegetables and fruit. |
| A．A number of people have realized the importance of saving food. |
| B．The food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. |
| C．200 million children die of hunger every year. |
| D．Many Chinese feel that they lose face if guests have eaten all the food on the table. |
| A．Don’t waste food. |
| B．Chinese people are friendly and generous. |
| C．We can’t die of hunger. |
| D．Every grain is grown by farmers. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年江苏省扬州市邗江区八年级下学期期末质量检测英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
阅读短文，根据短文内容补全表格中所缺的信息。（每空一词）
On 28th of April 2013, there was an earthquake that happened in Ya An, Si Chuan Province. It was a level 7 earthquake .As we know, earthquake is very dangerous and terrible. but do you know what to do during and after an earthquake？Here is some advice for you.
Before an earthquake. It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity (电) and know useful telephone numbers（doctor, hospital, police, 119, etc）.Never put heavy things over beds.
During the earthquake. It’s important to for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table. It can protect yourself from falling things. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy things and so on. If you are cooking, turn off the gas.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible .Stay in your car.
After an earthquake. Once the shaking stops, do not run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it is safe.
Check around you and help the people in trouble. If your building is badly broken, you should leave it. If you smell or hear gas, get someone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company.
| Some useful 【小题1】 about earthquakes | |
| Before an earthquake. | 【小题2】yourself and your family. Don’t 【小题3】 to turn off gas, water and electricity. Remember some useful telephone numbers and not to 【小题4】heavy things over beds. |
| 【小题5】 an earthquake. | 【小题6】 calm is important for each of you. Moving to a safe place in the room can protect yourself from falling things if you are 【小题7】 . Remember to turn off the gas if you are cooking. Moving to an open area and away from buildings is 【小题8】 if you are outdoors. Remember to stop your car and stay in it if you are driving. |
| After an earthquake. | Run out of the building 【小题9】 it’s safe. Check around you and help the people in trouble. Leave your badly broken building. Keep everyone outside and everything 【小题10】if you smell or hear a gas. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011一2012学年度重庆市万州中学九年级上期期中考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Which day is the most important for you? Your birthday, the first day of your work or the day you win a prize. Many teenagers may think their birthday is the happiest time because they can receive many wonderful presents and have much fun with their friends. Others may regard the starting day of their work as the most meaningful. They think it’s the first big step in their life and they can depend on themselves. They like to deal with challenges rather than to ask for the help of adults.
According to a survey, more than half of the Chinese people, certain ages and birthdays are especially important. One hundred days after a baby’s birth has special meaning. On that day, relatives(亲戚) and friends come to bless the baby. In northern part of China, like Inner Mongolia, a child’s 12th birthday is a big day. This is when a child becomes a teenager. Eighteen is another important age, which means you must be responsible(负责任的) for what you have done in laws. As for adults, maybe the anniversary of their marriage(结婚周年庆) is the most important. For some old people, the 60th or 70th birthday is also very important. They like to be cared about by all his family and friends, and the big family get-together can provide them a good chance to recall(回忆) the past.
【小题1】 Which is not regarded as the most important day for teenagers?
| A．their first day of work | B．the day they win |
| C．their birthday days | D．the anniversary of marriage |
| A．Because it’s the first big step in their life and they can depend on themselves. |
| B．Because it means a child becomes a teenager. |
| C．Because they can drive a car. |
| D．Because it means they must be responsible for what they have done in laws. |
| A．祝福 | B．送礼 | C．照顾 | D．认识 |
| A．12 | B．18 | C．20 | D．60 |
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