Question

5．Much less than one percent of the earth's water can be used by humans．Areas that need a lot of water often have to bring it in from far away．For example，southern and central California get most of their water from northern California．The Middle East and Mexico are among the places where large areas are short of water．Much of the shortage （短缺） in such places is caused by poor use of water，such as pollution and waste．
    Most places have enough water for drinking，farming and industries．However，as cities grow larger and industries expand，more and more water is needed．This may mean that more sources （来源） of water need to be found．But by saving water，existing （现有的） water can be used longer．This allows towns，cities and industries to grow without the need to find more water sources．
    What are some ways that ordinary people can save water？
A survey shows that washing clothes，taking showers and using toilets make up about 80 percent of a family's water usage．So using showerheads，toilets，and taps that use less water can help save a lot of water in the home．
53．One of the possible reasons why Middle East and Mexico are short of water is thatB．
   A．many industries in these places use a lot of water
   B．they pollute and waste existing water
   C．they have few lakes and rivers
   D．they don't have enough money to buy water
54．What's the meaning of the underlined word"expand"？A
   A．发展       B．使用       C．浪费       D．匮乏
55．According to the survey，which probably use the least water in families？C
   A．Taking showers．B．Using toilets．
   C．Washing dishes．D．Washing clothes．
56．Which of the following can we learn from the passage？A
   A．By saving water，we may not need to find more water sources．
   B．People in southern and central California are rich．
   C．Northern California will not have enough water in the future．
   D．Washing clothes and washing dishes make up 40% of a family's water usage．

Answer 1

分析 地球水资源的不到百分之一可以被人类利用．需要大量水的地方，往往不得不从远处带进去．例如，加利福尼亚南部和中部的大部分水来自北加利福尼亚．中东和墨西哥有大面积缺少水的地方，这些地方的大部分水短缺是由于水的使用不当造成的，比如水污染和水浪费．
大多数地方有足够的饮用水，农业和工业（用水）．尽管如此，随着城市规模的扩大和工业发展，需要越来越多的水．这可能意味着需要找到更多的水资源．但是，通过节约水，现有的水能用更长时间，这让城镇、城市和工业发展，无需寻找新的水源．
一般人能节约用水的方法是什么？
一项调查显示，洗衣机、淋浴、使用坐便器占家庭用水的80%，因此在家里使用节约水的淋浴喷头、坐便器、龙头能帮助节约大量的水．

解答 53答案：B；细节理解题；根据短文内容Much of the shortage （短缺） in such places is caused by poor use of water，such as pollution and waste．可知中东和墨西哥缺水的理由之一可能是水资源污染和浪费；故选B．
54答案：A；词义猜测题；根据短文内容more and more water is needed．推测该句句意应为："工业发展"（水资源需求量大）；推测expand的意思是：扩张、发展；故选A．
55故选：C．细节理解题；根据短文内容A survey shows that washing clothes，taking showers and using toilets make up about 80 percent of a family's water usage．可知上述四种家庭用水中，ABD是用水量较大的，"Washing dishes，洗盘子"是用水量较小的；故选C．
56答案：A；推理判断题；根据短文内容But by saving water，existing （现有的） water can be used longer．This allows towns，cities and industries to grow without the need to find more water sources．可知通过节约水，就可以允许城镇、城市和工业的发展，无需寻找新的水源；说明"通过节约水，我们可能不需要找到更多的水源"；故选A．

点评 首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．