科目：初中英语 来源：2013届北京市丰台区中考一模考试英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Tony Buzan’s grades were going down at university. Disappointed with his low marks, he went to the library to find a book on how to use his brain. He was directed to the medical section. Confused, he said to the librarian, “I don’t want to take my brain out, I just want to learn how to use it.” Her reply was simple: “There’s no book on that.”
“I thought to myself,” says Buzan, “if I buy a little radio, I get an instruction manual (说明书). If I buy a microwave, I get an instruction manual. But for the most important machine in the world, no instruction manual?”
Fifty years later, Buzan has become the world’s leading speaker on the brain and learning. In the late 1960s, he invented the mind map, a visual representation of thought processes.
This kind of thinking has become a popular tool for planning, organizing, problem solving, and communicating across the world. He has since authored and co-authored over 100 books that have appeared in more than 30 languages.
“I think in most cases, people use less than 1 percent of their brains,” he says.
But how do you expand this 1 percent? How do you become the best student you can be?
According to Buzan, the answer is simple. You take a section of whatever it is that you are trying to learn, he says, and you read it for its essence (精髓、要素). Then you make a mind map of all the important details. For a truly effective mind map, you start with a colored image in the center of your page. Draw the first image that comes to mind on the topic you are mind mapping. Branch off from your central image and create one of your main ideas. From your main branches draw some sub-branches and from those sub-branches you can draw even more branches. He emphasizes that you should use plenty of images and colors as these help with memory recall and encourage creativity.
By using this visual format (形式), according to Buzan, your mind will begin to make associations that will help you remember more information for longer periods of time.
Buzan believes that traditional note-taking methods, such as lists and summaries, do not stimulate the brain’s recall capacity or ability in the same way. Because of this, students will often find themselves locked away in their rooms for hours, trying hard to memorize separate details. Buzan believes that for a more effective and lasting way of studying, you must first understand how your brain works.
“Everyone is born smart,” he says. “You just have to learn how to learn.”
【小题1】What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?
| A．To show that Tony Buzan was worried about his study. |
| B．To invite us to think about the importance of manuals. |
| C．To prove that the mind map is a useful tool for the brain. |
| D．To show why Tony Buzan studies the brain and learning. |
| A．Excite. | B．Improve. | C．Encourage. | D．Affect. |
| A．If we learn the mind map, we will become the best student. |
| B．The mind map will help your brain connect separate details. |
| C．The mind map will be more effective if we put more details in it. |
| D．We will solve the problem if we make connections between ideas. |
| A．How to make the mind map? |
| B．Is the mind map widely used? |
| C．Can your memory be mapped? |
| D．Is the mind map helpful in thinking? |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年江苏省苏州市工业园区九年级上学期期中考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Napping(小睡) after learning something new could help improve your memory--- as long as you dream, scientists say.
They found people who dream about a new task do it better on waking than those who do not sleep or do not dream.
Volunteers were asked to learn the layout(布局，设计) of a 3D computer maze(迷宫) so they could find their way several hours later. Those allowed to take a pap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker.
The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious(无意识的) parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task..
Dr. Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School, said dreams may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem at many levels.
Study tips
Co-author Dr. Erin Wamsley said the study suggests our non-conscious brain works on the things that it deem(认为) are the most important.
“Every day we are gathering lots of information and new experiences,” she said. “It would seem that our dreams are asking the question, “How do I use this information to inform(影响) my life?”
The scientists say there may be ways to use this phenomenon(现象) for improving learning and memory. For example, students might be better studying hard before bedtime, or taking a nap after a period of afternoon study.
【小题1】 Scientists say ______ could help improve your memory.
| A．dream | B．nap | C．nap and dream | D．nap without dream |
| A．Take a nap. | B．Dream a task. | C．Learn about 3D computer. | D．Find their way out of a maze. |
| A．They are a sign that parts of the brain is unconscious. |
| B．They can help us fall asleep and improve learning and memory. |
| C．They tell us how to use this information to inform our life. |
| D．They may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem. |
| A．Before bedtime. | B．After bedtime. | C．Before taking a nap. | D．In the afternoon. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2012年初中毕业升学考试（山东济南卷）英语（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Can you remember a world before the Internet? If you answer is “no,” then you are probably a millennial. Millennials are the new generation of young Americans. They were born between 1982 and 1992. There are 33 million of them, and they are just starting to enter the workforce(劳动力). Many experts believe that millennials are different from young Americans of past generations. They also believe that millenials will change the workforce in important ways.
How are millennials different? They are the first generation born in the computer age. The internet has always been a part of their lives. They spend about 16 hours a week on the Internet, and this doesn’t include e-mail. And they spend 72 hours a week using other electronic media(媒体), including mobile phones and video games. They are “nation speakers” of the language of the computer age. People who were born earlier will never be native speakers of that language. Why not? They did not grow up “speaking” it.
How will millennials change the workforce? To answer that question, it is important to understand how millennials use the Internet. They use the Internet to communicate. They visit website such as FaceBook and MySpace every day. They share(分享)ideas, music, information, games, and friendships with people all over the world. When they start working, they will want to share their work and ideas with others.
It is also important to understand the way millennials grew up. Thair parents and teachers gave them a lot of attention. They taught them that their opinions were valuable(有价值的). As a result, amny millennials are very cinfident. At work, they will expect their co-workers and bosses to listen to their opinions.
Millennials also grew up with a lot of structure in their lives. Many of them went to school from the age of two or three and played on sports teams. At work, they will expect the rules to be clear. They will also expect a strong but fair boss, like a coach on a sports team. They will follow the person in charge (主管) if he or she is fair. But they will not follow an unfair boss. They will also expect their work to be fun and creative, similar to their experience on a sports team.
These are a few of the changes that experts believe millennials will bring to the American workforce. But the world is changing very fast. There will probably be more changes that are difficult to imagine today.
【小题1】According to the first paragraph of the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Millennials belong to a new generation. |
| B．Millennials were born about ten years ago. |
| C．Millennials are entering the workforce. |
| D．Millennials know little about the world before the Internet. |
| A．Millennials can speak a better native language. |
| B．Millennials grow up with computers and Internet. |
| C．Millennials use mobile phones and e-mails often. |
| D．Millennials spend long hours playing video games. |
| A．Because they know how to use the Internet to make new friends. |
| B．Because they understand how to communicate with new friends. |
| C．Because they grow up sharing ideas, music, information, games, and friendships with others by the Internet. |
| D．Because the Internet can provide all the information they need. |
| A．Millennials grow up with more attention from their parents and teachers. |
| B．Many millennials are showing more confident than others at work. |
| C．Many millennials give more valuable opinions to their co-workers and bosses. |
| D．Many of the millennials have had fun and creative experiences when they are on sports teams. |
| A．the number of the millennials had come to 33 million by the end of 1982 |
| B．most of the millennnials learn native computer language in schools. |
| C．millennials require their bosses to be healthier and the rules clearer at work |
| D．more changes will probably be brought to the American workforce by millennials |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年湖南省永州市校长常务理事单位初三联考（二）英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
阅读短文，根据短文内容填写表格，将信息补充完整。每空不超过三个单词。
Co-operation(合作) is always needed when you make a project that the teacher gives you.
First, discuss all you would like to do with your classmates. Choose one of the members to write down what you’re talking about. Then, with the ideas you get, list all you want. Everyone shares the duty for the project. You can collect information not only from books but also on the Internet. Making a survey and doing a research are also good ways. After that, all the members put what has been found together. Try to make the project more well-organized. In the end, you can give a report in front of your class to show the results of your hard work.
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You need 1.when you make a project. |
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How to do it? |
·First, 2.with your classmates and choose one member to3.what you’re talking about. ·Second, collect and list all you want. Making a survey and doing a4.are also good ways. ·After that, put what has been found together and make the project more well-organized. ·In the end, show the results of your hard work by giving a5. |
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011-2012学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区初三中考二模英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The centerpiece of curling(冰壶)is the curling stone. Kays of Scotland has been making curling stones since 1851, when William Kay and his sons Andrew and Thomas set up a workshop in Mauchline, Ayrshire, in southwest Scotland. Kays is still owned by the relatives of the founder, and today it is the only curling stone maker left in Scotland.
Used in a highly competitive sport, the curling stones are made to exact standards. First, stones are sliced and then into round “cheeses”. Finally, the cheeses are shaped and polished into curling stones in a series of steps.
Each stone must weigh 44 pounds. Each must have a maximum diameter (直径) of 36 inches. Polishing is done by hand on a wheel using water, diamond-talcum power, and felt. Finishing the stone’s “running edge” is done entirely by hand with a special kind of paper and a digital measure and magnifying glass (放大镜). Lastly, a handle(把手) is fitted into holes on the top of the stone. Stones are computer-matched into pairs. Sixteen stones----8 pairs----are needed for a game, and since curling game field usually have 6 lanes, each game field needs 96 matched stones!
Kays is a small company, employing less than ten skilled workers. Master craftsman and co-owner James Wyllie is skilled at all phases of curling stone making and is also an enthusiastic curler, as well as active member of Mauchline’s Burns Club, which meets regularly to honor well-known Mauchline residents.
【小题1 】What is true about Kays?
A. It is a family business.
B. It’s a brand(牌子) of curling stones.
C. It’s a place in Scotland.
D. It’s the name of a curling stone dealer(业者).
【小题 2】How many curling stones are needed for two games happening at the same time?
A. 8 B. 16 C. 32 D. 96
【小题 3】What does the underlined word “sliced” mean in Chinese in the second paragraph?
A. 切割 B. 镶嵌 C. 移开 D. 固定
【小题 4】Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?
A. Kays of Scotland has been curling stone maker for more than 150 years.
B. The weight of each curling stone must be 44 pounds.
C. We use a special machine to polish the curling stone.
D. The workers in Kays are all experienced.
【小题 5】What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The history of curling.
B. How to make a curling stone.
C. The rules of curling.
D. How to become a curling stone maker.
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