Question

【题目】

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation---their young trees?

Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist(生态学家) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex(复杂的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin(达尔文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition(营养) such as nitrogen(氮) and carbon “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen(氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks.This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.

Simard talks about “Mother trees”. These are usually the largest, oldest plants that on which all other trees depend. These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.

“We didn’t take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Mother trees” move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .

A. compete for survival

B. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each other

D. provide support for dying trees

【2】“Mother trees”are very important because they .

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. bring more wealth to humans

D. know more about the “tree societies”

【3】The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to(指代) .

A. how “tree societies” work

B. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive

【4】We can learn from the passage that .

A. trees aren’t as complex as we think.

B. Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard.

C. if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.

D. trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

文章介绍了树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的，树木社会是高度复杂的网络社会。“母树”通过真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源。快要死的母树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好的成长，人们如果知道这些现象，就可以更好的保护这些树。

【1】题意：第2段下画线的句子“the opposite is true”可能的意思是树____________。A. compete for survival适者生存；B. protect their own wealth保护自己的财富；C. depend on each other互相依赖；D. provide support for dying trees为垂死的树木提供支持。根据下文trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition(营养) such as nitrogen(氮) and carbon “depending on who needs it”.（树木通过它们的团队工作和支持生存下来，根据需要传递必要的营养，如氮和碳。）可知树是互相依赖，这与上文提到了达尔文的适者生存的理论恰恰相反；故选C。

【2】题意：“母树”非常重要，因为它们____________。A. look the largest in size in the forest在森林中看起来最大；B. pass on nutrition to young trees将营养传递给小树；C. bring more wealth to humans为人类带来更多财富；D. know more about the “tree societies”更多地了解“树木社会”。根据第4段第4句She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow.（她解释了这些树如何将财富传递给下一代，将重要的资源输送给幼树，使它们能够继续生长。）可知答案是B。

【3】题意：最后一段中下画线单词“it”指______________。A. how “tree societies” work“树木社会”如何运作；B. how trees grow old树木如何变老；C. how forestry industry develops林业发展；D. how young trees survive幼树如何生存。It出现在第五段第一句，实际指第4段里的内容。根据上文第4段最后一句When humans cut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.（当人类砍倒“母树”而不注意它们赖以生存的网络中高度复杂的“树木社会”时，我们正在减少拯救整个森林的机会。）可知此句“We didn’t take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly.（我们没有注意到这一点，”西马尔伤心地说。）中的it指代“树木社会”如何运作；选A。

【4】题意：我们可以从这篇文章中了解到_____________。考查推理判断题。A. trees aren’t as complex as we think.树木不像我们想象的那么复杂；B. Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard. 查尔斯·达尔文和西马尔有同样的观点；C. if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.如果“母树”被砍倒，它们对幼树不会产生影响；D. trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks. 树木可以通过地下真菌网络与其他植物共享资源。根据第4段第3句These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest.（这些“母树”通过这种真菌网络与森林中的其他所有树木相连，并可以管理森林中所有树木和植物的资源。）可知D正确，选D。