17．Last week，my granddaughter started kindergarten（幼儿园），and certainly I wished her success．I was saying something that is not true．What I actually wish for her is failure．I believe in the importance of failure．
Success is boring．Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do，or do something correctly the first time，which can often be a problem for the future．First-time success is usually a fluke（侥幸）．First-time failure，in fact，is the natural order of things．
Failure means how we learn．I have been told of an African phrase（短语） describing a good cook as"she who has broken many bowls"．If you've spent enough time in the kitchen and have broken a lot of bowls，probably you know a lot about cooking．I once had a dinner with a group of cooks，and they spent time comparing knife wounds and burn scars．They knew how much their failures gave them．
My younger daughter is a dancer．She spent three years getting ready for an act．She did it successfully for years．There was no reason for her to change the act-but she did anyway．She said she was no longer learning anything new and she was bored； and if she was bored，she couldn't play well．So she changed the act．She risked failure in order to feed her heart．
My granddaughter is a perfectionist．But I will also，I hope，remind her of what she learned，and how she can do whatever it is better next time．I probably won't tell her that failure is a good thing，because that's not a lesson you can learn when you're five．I hope I can tell her，though，that it's not the end of the world．Indeed，with luck，it is the beginning．
48．What did the writer really wish for her granddaughter in the kindergarten？B
A．Success．
B．Failure．
C．Kindness．
D．Care．
49．The third paragraph mainly tells usD．
A．what"a good cook"means
B．a cook should often cook
C．a cook must break many bowls
D．failure means how we learn
50．Why did the younger daughter change the act？C
A．Because she didn't do well in it．
B．Because she was asked to change it．
C．Because she wanted to feed her heart．
D．Because she wanted to try a failure．
51．What does the writer hope to tell the granddaughter？C
A．Failure is a good thing．
B．She can't fail any more．
C．Failure is not the end of the world．
D．Success is the end of the world．
分析 本文讲述作者的孙女开始上幼儿园，他希望孙女失败，因为他相信失败的重要性．作者认为成功是无聊的，失败意味着如何学习．作者女儿是一名舞者，她冒着失败的危险改变自己的舞蹈是为了丰富自己的内心．作者想告诉孙女的是：失败不是世界末日，而是开始．
解答 48-51：BDCC
48．B细节理解题．根据第一段"What I actually wish for her is failure．I believe in the importance of failure．"可知，作者希望她的孙女失败，因为他相信失败的重要性．故选B．
49．D段落归纳题．根据本段第一句"Failure means how we learn．"及后面的例子，可知选D．
50．C细节理解题．根据第四段"So she changed the act．She risked failure in order to feed her heart．"可知于是她改变了行为，冒着失败的危险来满足她的心，选C．
51．C 归纳题．根据文章大意作者通过自己的例子，来说明失败的想法会使你的工作更困难，故选C．
点评 本文是一篇教育文化类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．
