分析 看看几乎每瓶牛奶上的标签你都会发现PASTEURIZED这个词.那是什么意思?让我们通过遇见Louis Pasteur来找到答案.
Louis Pasteur于1822年出生在法国的一个小镇上,长大后,他喜欢画画.他喜欢观察周围的世界.当他在巴黎上大学时他就对通过显微镜观察产生了兴趣.显微镜让东西看起来大得多,它让你看到肉眼看不到的东西.通过显微镜,他发现了一滴水中的活生生的世界,他看到并画下那些小的生物.--他称它们为"微生物"或"细菌"--那些聚集在一滴水中的东西.
一天,一个酿酒师来到他的实验室,希望有人可以帮他解决问题."有时我的酒尝起来很美味,但有时很难闻."他对Pasteur说,"你能帮我找出原因吗?"
Pasteur把几滴酒放在显微镜下,他注意到坏酒里有一些不同寻常的细菌,如果他杀死这些细菌,就可能防止酒变坏.他试着用不同的方式去杀死细菌,最后他发现加热酒好像最有效.酿酒师尝试了这种方法,每瓶酒都变好了.
Pasteur的方法对别人起作用了.农民加热牛奶,牛奶不会很快变坏;啤酒厂加热啤酒,啤酒变得更美味.人们叫它"加热杀菌法"--加热液体来杀死坏的细菌.难道你不乐意喝加热的牛奶吗?
解答 71.D 词义理解题,根据文中语句He saw and drew pictures of the small living things--he called them"microbes"or"germs"--that crowded in a drop of water.他看到并画下那些小的生物.--他称它们为"微生物"或"细菌"--那些聚集在一滴水中的东西.可知,microbes指的是微生物,故选D.
72.B 细节理解题,根据文中句子Louis Pasteur was born in 1822in a little town in France.When he went to college in Paris,he showed interest in looking through a microscope.Looking through a microscope,Pasteur found a living world in a drop of water.He noticed that the terrible wine had some unusual germs.In the end he found heating the wine seemed to work best.出现的先后顺序可知,故选B.
73.A 推理判断题,根据文中句子He saw and drew pictures of the small living things--he called them"microbes"or"germs"--that crowded in a drop of water.他发现了微生物,说明他很聪明;In the end he found heating the wine seemed to work best.他帮助了酿酒师,说明他乐于助人;He tried with different ways to kill the germs.他反复尝试不同的方式来杀死细菌,说明他很勤奋;所以Pasteur是个聪明、乐于帮助别人并刻苦工作的人,故选A.
74.D 推理判断题,根据文中语句People called it"pasteurization"--heating a liquid to kill bad germs.Aren't you glad that the milk you drink has been pasteurized?人们叫它"加热杀菌法"--加热液体来杀死坏的细菌.难道你不高兴喝杀菌过的牛奶吗?可知加热杀菌法可以用来杀死我们喝的牛奶中的坏细菌,故选D.
75.C 主旨大意题,综合对全文的理解及句子People called it"pasteurization"--heating a liquid to kill bad germs.可知,本文主要告诉我们pasteurization是怎么被发明的,故选C.
点评 先通读全文理解其大意,再根据题目找出文中的有用信息并理解文章的主旨.
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