Can you imagine that several hundred years ago, tomatoes were seen as toxic food in Europe?
What made Europeans believe this was John Gerard’s publication of Herbal in 1597. Gerard wrote: “The leaves and stalks of the tomato plant are toxic.” Undoubtedly, Gerard’s opinion was based on a misunderstanding of tomatoes. But his opinion was widely spread in Britain and North America for over two hundred years.
In the late 1700s, a lot of Europeans held more fears for tomatoes. A nick name for the fruit was “poison apple” because it was believed that aristocrats(贵族) got sick and died after eating them. But the actual reason was the pewter plates they used. Since tomatoes are high in acidity, when placed on the plates, the lead(铅) in the plates would dissolve. This caused many deaths. This is unluckily, no one knew this at that time. So the innocent tomatoes were picked as the killer.
Today, more than one and a half billion tons of tomatoes are produced every year around the world. Tomatoes are cooked in various ways. This healthy and tasty food finally wins its innocence(清白) back.
1.What does the underlined word “toxic” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.delicious B.nutritious(营养) C.poisonous D.safe
2.What do we know about the book Herbal?
A.It was written by an American writer. B.It was published about 400 years ago.
C.Tomatoes were described as good food. D.Chinese herbal medicine was included.
3.What’s the passage mainly about?
A.Europeans’ fears for tomatoes B.History of tomato planting
C.Why do people eat so many tomatoes D.How did the tomato prove its value
科目：初中英语 来源：北京市通州区2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷 题型：回答问题
The Blood Group Alphabet
Sometimes people lose too much blood from injuries or accidents. To save their lives, doctors must replace the lost blood. In an operation called a transfusion, doctors put blood given by healthy people into the veins（静脉）of the sick or injured person. But they must be careful. Although all blood looks the same, there are really different types of blood. Someone getting the wrong type of blood in a transfusion may become very sick or even die.
All blood is made up of red and white cells, and a liquid（液体）called plasma（血浆）. It is the red cells that cause blood to be different types. On the outside of the red cells of some people's blood are proteins（蛋白质）. Doctors group these proteins into two different classes, A and B. People with the A protein have Type A blood, while people with the B protein have B type blood. If someone happens to have both proteins, that person has Type AB blood. Some people don't have either protein, and their blood is called Type O.
If a person receives a transfusion of the wrong type of blood, the body senses the strange protein on the new blood cells. So the body destroys the new blood, and the patient goes into shock. For example, people with Type A blood will become very sick if they are given Type B protein because their bodies try to destroy the strange Type B protein. People with Type O blood have no proteins on their cells, so their bodies will destroy both Type A and Type B blood. They can only receive Type O blood. But people with Type AB blood have both proteins, so they can receive Type A, Type B and Type AB blood. These people are called Universal Receivers. People of any type can receive Type O blood because it has no protein for the body to fight against. So Type O people are called Universal Donors.
Doctors are always careful to test blood for its type before it is used in a transfusion. Although the wrong type of blood can be harmful, the right type can save a life.
1.What is the blood made up of?
__________________________________________________________________________
2.How many classes do doctors group the proteins into?
__________________________________________________________________________
3.What type of blood does the person have if someone doesn't have either protein?
__________________________________________________________________________
4.Why can people with Type O blood only receive Type O blood?
__________________________________________________________________________
5.Are Type AB people called Universal Donors?
__________________________________________________________________________
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科目：初中英语 来源：上海市浦东区第四教育署2019-2020学年七年级上学期10月月考英语试卷 题型：阅读单选
Read the passage and choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）
How do people live in a very small lifeboat? Perhaps for weeks or months? They must be strong in every way. They must have hope -- they must want to live. But you cannot eat or drink hope.
You cannot drink sea water. Drink a lot of sea water -- you will quickly die. Sailors（水手）can drink rain water. They must catch rain in their boat. They must also catch fish and bird for food. Lifeboats do not often carry cooker, and so the sailors cannot cook their food. Raw fish and bird-meat are not very nice.
What do people think about in a lifeboat? They think about land, a warm bed, dry clothes, fresh water and food, food, food.
1.If you want to live in a lifeboat, you must _______.
A.be powerful in every way B.have sea water
C.have cooked fish and bird-meat D.have rain water
2.You cannot drink seawater because _______.
A.too much sea water will make you ill.
B.too much sea water will make you die.
C.sea water is nice but dangerous.
D.sea water is too sour to drink.
3.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.You can drink rain water in your lifeboat.
B.You can cook in your lifeboat.
C.You can catch fish for food.
D.You can catch birds for meat.
4.The sailors eat raw fish because _______.
A.it’s delicious B.it’s fresh and nice.
C.there is nothing to eat except raw fish. D.they like to eat raw fish
5.Lifeboat do not often carry _______ and so the sailors cannot cook their food.
A.cook B.cooker C.fresh water D.nice food
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科目：初中英语 来源：上海市浦东区第四教育署2019-2020学年七年级上学期10月月考英语试卷 题型：单选题
I’d like a new flat _______ a big kitchen.
A.with B.in C.for D.has
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科目：初中英语 来源：2018年浙江省杭州市滨江区中考二模英语试卷 题型：语法填空
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填在答题纸的相应位置。
Next time when you're in a public place, take a look around you. And count how many people 1.(use) their phones. I can tell you now that it is2.（probable） more than half, whether you're on a bus, in a cafe3.simply walking down the street.
I'm not saying that I am not 4. example of this, but it always amazes (使惊讶) me how people can spend so much time on their phones without talking to others. Has it gone too far?
Recently, my smart phone broke and had to be sent off5. repair for a week or so. I had to use a really old basic phone just 6. (keep) me in touch with my family and friends. All I could do on this phone was to send text messages, make calls and play one game. And I loved it. I loved being from the Internet, and I really didn't mind not 7. （have）updates (更新) about what my friends were doing. It allowed 8. (I) to spend more time enjoy my time in London and watching the people around me and really see 9. was going on.
10., I knew that as soon as I got my smart phone back I would be one of those people once again. Perhaps I should just go back to using the basic phone and forget I ever got my smart phone back.
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科目：初中英语 来源：北京市石景山区2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷 题型：阅读单选
Most of us fear failure. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. In fact, the word success comes from the Latin succedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “Learning from the past mistakes and making changes helped me to reach the top of Everest successfully,” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak (山峰) seven times. Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with terrible results.
Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to reach the top of all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen (氧气). In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche ( 雪 崩 ). She survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. But Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from her experience and move on.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to tell people that we are failures because our good name depends on success. However, things are slowly changing. In the past ten years, some scientific magazines – mostly in medicine – have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can finally lead to positive outcomes.
The business world already understands the value of negative results. Eli Lilly and Company has failure parties to study data about medicine that doesn’t work. In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created the Apple Newton. It was one of Apple’s biggest failures. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential (潜力) and he began to improve it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. There is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other.
1.The writer writes Paragraph 2 and 3 mainly to .
A.show how bad things can become important lessons
B.tell us that it’s possible for anyone to be successful
C.prove how bad things can happen in any situation
D.teach us what not to do when climbing mountains
2.The underlined word “reluctant” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.
A.unable B.unsure C.unwilling D.uninterested
3.What is the passage mainly about?
A.An attitude towards failure.
B.The experience of success.
C.A difficult way to success.
D.The rewards of failure.
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科目：初中英语 来源：北京市石景山区2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷 题型：单选题
— Mum, when can we eat?
— Dinner ready in two minutes.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
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科目：初中英语 来源：安徽省宿州市埇桥区2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷 题型：材料作文
书面表达
假如你叫李明，班主任陈老师想了解班级同学的状况，以便有针对性地对学生进行考前心理疏导。请你根据下面的内容要求，给班主任陈老师写封e-mail，说明自己的情况，并请她给你提一些建议。
要点：1、学习任务重,睡眠不足,缺少体育活动；
2、同学间缺乏沟通和交流；
3、在家不允许看电视、上网、听音乐等；
4、……
要求：1、短文应包括所有要点，可适当发挥；
2、词数80-100左右。开头和结尾已给出。不计入总词数；
3、文中不得出现真实的校名、姓名。
From:liming@163.com To:chlw524@sina.com Subject: problems Date: January 15
Dear Ms Chen,
I’m very glad to write to you. ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Li Ming
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科目：初中英语 来源：河北省石家庄市2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷 题型：语法填空
阅读下面短文，用括号内地词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词
Have you ever read the book A brief History of Times? It 1. (write) by Stephen Hawking in 2013.
Stephen Hawking was born on January 8th, 1942, exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo in Oxford, England. At the age of eleven, Stephen went to Oxford University, his father’s old college. After three years, he won a first class honour degree in 2. (nature) science.
In October 1962, Stephen arrived at the University of Cambridge 3. (do) research. He 4. (real) enjoyed his time there. Unluckily, Stephen had a bad 5. (ill) shortly after his 21st birthday in 1963 and was given two years to live. Yet he went on 6.(work) hard to become an excellent scientist. Stephen didn’t live by 7. (he), he fell in love with Jane Wilde and they got 8. (marry) in 1965, then they had three 9. (child).
Hawking liked China very much, and he had visited China several times. On November 24th, 2017, Hawking10. (reply) Wang Junkai on his Weibo. He said he was pleased to answer the excellent question from Mr. Wang Junkai.
He once said, “My goal is simple, it is complete understanding of the universe（宇宙）.” Stephen Hawking is regarded as one of the most famous scientists since Einstein. Hawking died on March 14th, 2018.
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