科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年江苏省无锡市北塘区九年级中考二模英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
1.Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
A．young chimpanzee that live on an island
B．18-month-old children who live in Germany
C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees
D．adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain
2.A new study in Germany suggests that ________.
A．people also share information for good reason
B．children know something at the age of 18 months
C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too
D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one
B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done
C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments
D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward
4.From the passage we know that ________.
A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others
B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees
C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways
D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments
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科目：初中英语 来源：2012-2013学年北京市昌平区九年级上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。（共8分，每小题2分）
April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on earth should care about and protect the earth! The earth has warmed by about 1 °F over the past 100 years, but why and how? Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own. __1__
First, greenhouse effect (效应) is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. __2__Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
When the earth becomes warmer, there may be more rain and a rise in sea level. __3___ On a Pacific island, 100 people have to move to higher ground because the sea is rising. These people can no longer live on the coast. Before that, two islands without people went underwater in 1999. Scientists say that the seas can rise by nearly one metre by 2100.
People can affect the earth's air, land and water. As for us, we can do many things to protect the earth. __4___ We can tell more people about protecting the earth.
A.So it will affect the growth of plants, animals and people.
B. But many scientists say that people are doing many things which make the earth warmer.
C.For example, we can use fridges less.
D. People in many cities turn off the lights for an hour on that day.
E.Another important reason is climate change.
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科目：初中英语 来源：2011年江苏省常州市中考模拟试卷（英语） 题型：阅读理解
In the summer of 1978 an English man named Steven was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The flattened wheat formed(形成)a circle about six meters across . Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.
Three years later a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger—nearly 15 meters across . That same year , another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land—one large circle between two small circles. During the following years, farmers in England found circles in their fields more and more often.
The circles are called “crop circles” because they usually appear in fields of wheat or corn. The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing, and the farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September. What causes the crop circles?
At first, people thought that some kids were making them as a joke, or that farmers were making them to attract tourists.(In fact, in 1991, two men said they made the circles themselves, but many scientists don’t believe them.) People tried to copy them: They tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldn’t do it. They couldn’t enter a field of wheat without leaving tracks, and they couldn’t flatten the wheat without breaking it.
Several times people reported seeing stranger objects near the fields where crop circles later appeared. Many people believe that these crop circles are the messages sent by living things from outer space(外层空间)or the marks left by their spaceships.
Scientists who have studied the crop circles try to find out what causes them. In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment(最新高科技设备). The equipment—worth 1.8 million dollars—got nothing. But one night, as the scientists were watching a field, crop circles formed in the field behind them, which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.
When Steven discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “It was just like something that had landed in the field from the air and gone back up again. I don’t know what to make of these things.”
Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia. Experts from all over the world have studied them, and they say what Steven said: They don’t know what to make of these things.
1.Which picture is probably the one formed in the field behind the scientists?
2.“Flattened wheat” means ___________.
A. broken wheat B. lying wheat
C. harvested wheat D. growing wheat
3.The passage is mainly about something ___________ .
A. that is done by living things from outer space
B. that cannot be solved but found all around the world
C. that cannot be made clear or understood
D. that is discovered and copied by the farmers
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科目：初中英语 来源：2010年江西省初二上学期期中考试英语卷 题型：补充句子
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出适当的选项补全短文，将选项的编号依次填人题后的横线上。
Do you laugh every day? Most people do． 1 That is a lot of laughter．
In India，there are hundreds of laughter clubs． 2 First they put up their hands above their heads．Then they pretend to laugh．Soon everyone is laughing happily．People say they feel good after laughing together．
Scientists believe that laughter is good for you．Why? For one thing，laughter is good exercise． 3 Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running．Laughing helps you relax．That’s good for you，too．
Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer． 4 They don’t laugh very often when they are alone．Many scientists believe that we use laughter to get on well with other people．Laughter helps us feel part of a group．
5 Some think that laughter makes sick people get better．Do you think so，too?
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科目：初中英语 来源：2010年江西省初三上学期期中考试英语卷 题型：补充句子
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出适当的选项补全短文，将选项的编号依次填人题后的横线上。
Do you laugh every day? Most people do． 1 That is a lot of laughter．
In India，there are hundreds of laughter clubs． 2 First they put up their hands above their heads．Then they pretend to laugh．Soon everyone is laughing happily．People say they feel good after laughing together．
Scientists believe that laughter is good for you．Why? For one thing，laughter is good exercise． 3 Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running．Laughing helps you relax．That’s good for you，too．
Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer． 4 They don’t laugh very often when they are alone．Many scientists believe that we use laughter to get on well with other people．Laughter helps us feel part of a group．
5 Some think that laughter makes sick people get better．Do you think so，too?
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