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6.Empathy(同情心)lets us feel another person's pain and drives us to help.Do any other animals feel empathy?Scientists recently found that rats do,too.
Most people don't like rats.In many people's eyes,rats are only bad.But Jean Decety and his partners at the University of Chicago did an experiment.It showed that rats are kind,warm-hearted animals.They can feel each other's pain.
Scientists placed pairs of rats in plastic cages for two weeks.During this time they got to know each other.Then they put one of the rats from each pair into a small container(容器)in the cages.The small container had a door.It was rigged(操纵) to fall to the side when the free rat touched it.Many of the trapped rats squeaked(吱吱叫)to express their discomfort.The other rats of the pairs could see their suffering friends clearly.
In most pairs,the free rats would become very worried about their friends.They kept trying to save their friends again and again throughout the month.Scientists put the rats'favorite chocolate in the cages,but the rats didn't eat it until they had saved their friends successfully.Scientists also found that female rats tended to act more empathetic than male rats.
"The results are the first to show that rats take action in response to another's trouble,"Decety said."Monkeys and chimpanzees(黑猩猩)have similar behavior.But unlike those animals,rats can be ready used in laboratory studies.They will help us to learn which parts of the brain lead to empathy and helping behavior and whether empathy is natural."

38.A person with empathy is oftenA.
A.kind-hearted   
B.clever          
C.active        
D.strong
39.Why didn't the free rats eat the chocolate at first?C
A.Because they were not hungry at that time.
B.Because chocolate was not their favorite food.
C.Because they wanted to save the trapped rats first.
D.Because they were afraid that the chocolate was bad.
40.Which of the following animals were NOT mentioned in the article?D
A.Monkeys.
B.Chimpanzees.
C.Rats.
D.Cats.
41.What does the word‘discomfort'in Paragraph 3mean?C
A.happiness     
B.illness          
C.uneasiness     
D.anger
42.What does the passage mainly tell us?C
A.Rats can feel other animals'pain.
B.Chocolate is rats'favorite food.
C.Rats are empathetic and can feel each other's pain.
D.Female rats are more empathetic than male rats.

分析 同情心让我们感受到他人的痛苦并帮助他人.动物会有同情心吗?科学家最近发现老鼠也有同情心.芝加哥大学的Jean Decety和他的伙伴做了一个实验表明:老鼠是善良热心的动物,它们能感受到彼此的痛苦.

解答 38.A 细节理解题.根据Empathy(同情心) lets us feel another person's pain and drives us to help.可知同情心让我们感受到别人的痛苦,并促使我们去帮助他们.故选A.
39.C.细节理解题.根据Scientists put the rats'favorite chocolate in the cages,but the rats didn't eat it until they had saved their friends successfully.可知科学家们把老鼠最喜欢的巧克力放在笼子里,但是老鼠们没有吃它,直到他们成功地救了他们的朋友.在这里老鼠们没有吃这些巧克力是因为他们想救同伴.故选C.
40.D.推理判断题.根据Monkeys and chimpanzees(黑猩猩)have similar behavior.But unlike those animals,rats can be ready used in laboratory studies.,可知文章提到rats、Monkeys and chimpanzees.故选D.
41.C.词义猜测题.happiness幸福;illness疾病;uneasiness不安;anger生气.根据Many of the trapped rats squeaked(吱吱叫)to express their discomfort.可知这里的意思是许多被困的老鼠尖叫来表达自己的不适.discomfort在这里的意思应该是不适.故选C.
42.C.主题归纳题.根据文章第一段Do any other animals feel empathy?Scientists recently found that rats(老鼠) do,too.可知老鼠是善良热心的动物,它们能感受到彼此的痛苦.故选C.

点评 快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意,对全文有一个整体了解,阅读时从宏观入手,掌握中心意思,注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节,抓住关键词,弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图.

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