America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while - then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending（延伸）sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality（好客） easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly cannot manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine（事务）. They will be likely to expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
【小题1】The writer of this passage must be_______.
| A．an American | B．a Chinese | C．a visitor | D．a student |
| A．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. |
| B．Americans are usually more friendly than Chinese. |
| C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy. |
| D．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives. |
| A．warmly welcomed at the airport |
| B．offered a ride to his home |
| C．treated hospitably at his home |
| D．treated to dinner in a restaurant |
| A．strict with time | B．willing to spend time |
| C．careful with time | D．free with time |
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
解析试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了中国人和美国人在对待友谊的差异及在接待客人方面的不同之处。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据短文第一段This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand中的同位语us Chinese，可知作者是个中国人，故选B。
【小题2】是非判断题。根据第一段If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship描述及对比其他选项，故选A。
【小题3】推理判断题。根据第三段Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.，故选C
【小题4】词意猜测题。根据划线部分后面描述Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.可知上文在表示中国人对时间很慷慨，即乐意花费时间陪客人，故选B
考点：文化差异类短文阅读。
科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Here are two amazing shops from the world.
One of the most famous department stores in New York City is Macy's.There are over 850 Macy's stores all over the US, but the flagship store is in Herald Square,Manhattan---just around the corner from the Empire State Building. Interestingly, Rowland Macy, the company founder ( 创始人 ), opened his first shops between 1843 and 1855, but they weren't successful. However, Macy learned from his mistakes, and in 1858 he moved to New York. He opened his first New York store on October 18, 1858 and was immediately successful. Macy's is especially famous for its Thanksgiving Day Parade, which marks the beginning of the Christmas season.
One of the oldest shops in London is Fortnum & Mason.
It was founded by William Fortnum and Hugh Mason in
1707 in central London. Originally, the shop only sold food, but these days, it sells all kinds of other things including clothes, books and games. It has the "Gentleman's Department" on the top floor, a famous tea shop and several restaurants. The business started out small, but in 1761, William Fortnum’s grandson, Charles, went to work for Queen Charlotte. As a result, the royals ( 皇家 ) started shopping there and continues to now. In fact, Queen Elizabeth visited Fortnum's last year. Fortnum's is really famous for its hampers, which are baskets of food. There are picnic hampers and Christmas hampers that are full of wines and Christmas food. They are extremely popular, but also expensive and can cost up to £25.000.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号涂在答题卡相应位置。
【小题1】 How old is the store Macy's which was first opened in New York?
| A．60. | B．158. | C．155. | D．160. |
| A．He moved to New York. |
| B．He opened a flagship store. |
| C．He began Christmas season. |
| D．He learned from his mistakes. |
| A．Food. | B．Books. |
| C．Games. | D．Clothes. |
| A．Fortnum & Mason used to be a small shop. |
| B．The hampers from Fortnum & Mason are popular but expensive. |
| C．Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade means the beginning of Christmas season. |
| D．William Fortnum worked for Queen Elizabeth. |
| A．A music magazine. | B．A clothes ad. |
| C．A sports poster. | D．A fashion guidebook. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Happy New Year, everyone!
The year of 2014 is the Year of the Horse in the Chinese lunar calendar(农历). It begins on January 31, 2014, and ends on February 18, 2015. People say 2014 is the Year of Wood Horse. Wood is something about trees or green, so it is also called Year of Green Horse. 2014 is the ji?w? (甲午) year.
Horses are our good friends for a long time. In the past, horses helped people carry heavy things and travel far. Today many people ride horses for fun.
Horses are hard-working and loyal animals. So are the people born in the Year of Horse. They are true to others. If you have some friends like that, be nice to them. They could be your friends forever.
【小题1】The year of 2014 is the Year of the ____________.
| A．Snake | B．Dragon | C．Monkey | D．Horse |
| A．令人畏惧的 | B．自信的 | C．忠诚的 | D．固执的 |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit. It is very important in American culture. American stories speak of Johnny Appleseed, who went throughout America collecting apple seeds and planting apple trees. He had a great love for nature and went through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the country.
One of the first sayings taught to school children is, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” This short saying encourages children to eat fresh fruit to keep healthy. If someone always says good words to a person, people will call him an “apple polisher”. This, however, is not a good name. If someone is very dear to us, we say that he or she is the “apple of our eye”.
Most people believe that the fruit which Eve gave to Adam was an apple, even though the Bible(圣经) never says so. The apple, therefore, is a deep part of the language and stories of America.
An apple is also delicious. Apples can be cooked in many ways, used as a dessert, and made into sweet juice.
In many parts of the country during the harvest season, a popular activity is to go into an apple garden to pick apples. Washington, D. C. and New York are both famous for their apples.
Finally, when it’s time to take a vacation to American cities, one can always visit New York, which is “the biggest apple” of all the American cities.
【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “apple polisher” mean?
| A．Something for cutting apples. |
| B．A person who likes to please others. |
| C．A person who is dealing with fruits. |
| D．A machine for cleaning apples quickly. |
| A．cooking | B．medicine | C．shopping | D．health |
| A．Apples are medicine. |
| B．Apples are the most important food. |
| C．New York is famous for its big apples. |
| D．The Bible says Adam was given an apple. |
| A．stories about the apple |
| B．apples in American culture |
| C．some famous sayings of the apple |
| D．big cities that is famous for apples |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
阅读短文，将方框中的五个句子分别放在合适的位置，使短文通顺，意思完整，并将其答案填写在方框后的横线上。
Do you like to tell stories? Do you like to write? Sometimes those questions have two different answers. 【小题1】 . However, it can be hard to write them down on paper.
【小题2】 Even professional( 职业的)writers do not write everything perfectly the first time. They have to revise(修正)their work. When you revise your writing, you look for ways to change it that will make it better. 【小题3】 You make sure that you have used capitals(大写),periods and other punctuation marks in the best way. You look for words that can be taken out or changed for different, more exciting words. You make sure that your words help the reader get a picture in his mind when he reads them.
Writing is one of those skills that take practice. The changes you make can turn boring words into exciting words. 【小题4】 Don`t be afraid to make changes. The first time you write on a topic ,you get your ideas down on paper. 【小题5】 It is making it ready for readers to enjoy.
| A：You check your spelling. B: Revising your writing is important. C: Many children love to tell stories out loud. D: Revising your writing is cleaning it up. E: It can make your ideas come alive. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Clothing is a language. It tells us about individual people: their personality, their age, their place in society and so on. If we want to know more about society, we can look at traditional clothing. 
The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. You often find three colours — red, gold and green in the clothing. The first colour stands for the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隶); the second is for the rich resources of the African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home.
The patterns(图案) on the clothing also have a meaning. A common pattern is in the form of a cross “×”, which stands for “unity”. Another pattern is a rectangular box, which represents “strength”.
Because clothing has a strong social meaning, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing, or to wear clothes in the wrong way. For instance, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband differently according to the importance of the social event.
Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose(宽松的) clothing. The climate, with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges(变化), requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life.
Although many people wear western clothes, particularly in the big cities in Africa, traditional dress is very highly valued(评价). This is because it has deep cultural meanings.
【小题1】According to the passage, red ________.
| A．represents the setting sun |
| B．stands for African unity |
| C．is chosen because it is a bright colour |
| D．is a reminder(暗示) of the sad history in Africa |
| A．it has deep cultural meanings |
| B．people wear it in the big cities |
| C．it needs to protect people from the climate |
| D．it needs to keep people dry in the rainy season |
| A．African dress has deep cultural meanings. |
| B．Africa has a long history and a rich culture. |
| C．The rectangular box in the pattern represents “strength”. |
| D．People in the big cities in Africa prefer to wear western clothes. |
| A．the history of clothes |
| B．modern fashion styles |
| C．the meanings of traditional dress |
| D．the materials used in traditional dress |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
It is well-known that the “prom”, a formal dance held at the end of high school or college, is an important date in every student’s life. What is less well-known is that the word “prom” comes from the verb “to promenade”, which means to walk around, beautifully dressed, in order to attract attention. The idea is that you should see and be seen by others.
The prom is not just an American tradition, though most people believe that it started in America. In Canada the event is called a “formal”. In Britain and Australia the old fashioned word “dance” is more and more frequently being referred to as a “prom”. Most countries have some form of celebration when students finish high school: after all, it means the end of life as a child, and the beginning of life as an adult.
The prom is expensive to organize and the tickets can cost students a lot of money. The tradition is that students themselves have to raise the money to pay for it. Selling the students newspapers is one way to raise money; so is taking a part-time job at the weekend.
Although the prom should be the experience of a lifetime, it also worries many students. There is the problem of what to wear, who to take as your partner, who will be voted “prom queen”, etc. And it is not only students who feel worried. What many parents find difficult is the realization that their children’s school days are almost over. However, for most people at the prom, once the music starts playing, everyone relaxes and stops worrying.
【小题1】In which country is the prom called a “formal”?
| A．America. | B．Canada. | C．Britain. | D．Australia. |
| A．It’s the sign of becoming an adult. |
| B．It’s an old tradition in many countries. |
| C．There are many problems to work out. |
| D．The students can raise money by themselves. |
| A．The history of the prom. |
| B．The traditions of the prom. |
| C．The development of the prom. |
| D．The general information of the prom. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by "small talk". Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: "Nice day, isn't it?" "Terrible weather, isn't it?" But there is something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small. talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: "Great game, isn't it?" At bus-stops, people may comment about the transport system: "The bus service is terrible, isn't it?"
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.【小题1】The passage suggests that when we learn a language______.
| A．we should know the culture about the country |
| B．we should only master the grammar and vocabulary |
| C．we should grasp the importance of the language |
| D．we should learn about the transport system of the country |
【小题2】 When we say "Great game, isn't it?" we in fact______.| A．have a conversation | B．begin a small talk |
| C．greet each other | D．ask a question |
【小题3】 What we learn from the passage is that______.| A．in English-speaking countries we should talk about the weather |
| B．different language has different grammar |
| C．small talk is an important part in a language |
| D．small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
It can be hard to meet people from another culture. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal (信号). Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize（强调）the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”, usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural（多元文化）environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.【小题1】In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to ______.
| A．keep each other company |
| B．share the same culture |
| C．get to know each other |
| D．develop closer relations |
【小题2】The writer mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ______.| A．too many words are of no use |
| B．the English prefer to make long speeches |
| C．even talk and silence can be culturally different |
| D．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature |
【小题3】What would be the best title for the passage?| A．Multicultural Environment |
| B．Cross-Cultural Differences |
| C．How to Understand Each Other |
| D．How to Build Up a Relationship |
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