Question

【题目】Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out .

Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class. Now, aged 79, the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobe Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干细胞) researcher Shinya Yamanaka.

Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance (坚持不懈)can lead.

At the age of 15 in 1948, Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was“quite ridiculous”.

In spite of his teacher s criticisms，Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab early and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures.

“My own belief is that we will, in the end, understand everything about how cells actually work,” Gurdon said.

In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic(基因的）information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone(克隆) of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal(哺乳动物）in the world.

In 2006，Gurdon’s work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample(样本）of a person’s skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.

Luck favors the prepared mind Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization. “Ninety percent of the time things don’t work，but when they do，you have to seize(抓住）the chance.”

【1】Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine?

A. Sir John Gurdon

B. Shiny a Yamanaka.

C. Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka

D. Gurdon’s science teacher.

【2】In what order are the followings mentioned in the passage?

a. create the sheep Dolly

b. take a cell from an adult frog

d. use a person’s skin to create stem cells

d. move a frog’s genetic information into an egg cell

e. grow into a clone of a frog

A. b—a—c—d—e B. b—d—e—a—c

C. b—d—a—p—e D. b—c—d—a—c

【3】What does the underlined word “ridiculous” mean?

A.无知的 B.无畏的 C.荒废的 D.荒谬的

【4】According to the passage, which statement is true?

A. As a boy, he was told he was hopeful.

B. He ranked first at his high school in biology.

C. It’s impossible for the doctors to repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.

D. In spite of-his teacher's criticisms, he kept working hard.

【5】What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Ninety percent of the time things don’t work.

B. Luck favors the prepared mind

C. Life is full of surprises.

D. How to know cells actually work.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】D

【5】B

【解析】

【1】C细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句话Now, aged 79，the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka.“79岁的Gurdon和日本干细胞研究者Shinya Yamanaka共同获得2012年诺贝尔医学奖。”故选C。

【2】B推理判断题。根据文中描述所给选项出现的顺序是按照B的顺序排列的，故选B。

【3】D词义猜测题。第三段介绍Gurdon的老师对他的质疑和批评，认为他不可能成才。Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was “quite ridiculous”.译为“Gerdon的高中科学老师甚至说他成为一名科学家的梦想很荒谬。”故选D。

【4】D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二行As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class.可知A错误；根据第三顿第一句话When he was 15 in 1948，Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject.可知B错误；根据第七段最后一句话doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.可知C错误；根据第四段第一句话In spite of his teacher’s criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard.可知D正确。故选D。

【5】B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍一位诺贝尔医学奖获得者John Gurdon，他在小时候受尽质疑，但是凭借着不放弃、勇往直前的精神最终获得成功。故选B。