12.Every living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal,right?Wrong!Many organisms(有机体)in our world are neither.Some of them float through the air,and some lie hidden in the ground.They do not need sunlight to survive,and if the weather becomes too cold,they can become inactive until conditions improve.
What are these?They are called fungi(菌类),and you see them almost every day.Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting,such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator.But other kinds are not so bad.For example,the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.
What makes fungi different from plants and animals?An animal can move around by itself.Fungi get around too,but they don't have feet,wings,or tails.They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them.Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll(叶绿素).It helps them make food from the energy in sunlight.Fungi do not have chlorophyll.
Some fungi are bad,while others are not.Some fungi cause diseases,such as athlete's foot,which makes feet uncomfortable.Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicies,which have saved many lives.
Fungi clean up more than wounds,though.They are the world's first recyclers.Without fungi,our world would be a mess.Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do,they must get their food elsewhere.Many fungi get their food from dead plants.They break them down and turn them into soil.The fungi get a meal,and the world gets a housecleaning.
23.What does the underlined word"disgusting"most probably mean?B
A.strong
B.unpleasant
C.active
D.small
24.According to the passage,D.
A.fungi can move everywhere by themselves
B.fungi are unable to survive in cold conditions
C.some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight.
D.some fungi are useful to humans and the environment
25.Where can you most probably find this passage?B
A.In a social report.
B.In a biology book.
C.In ageography magazine.
D.In a farming book.
分析 本文是介绍菌类,很多菌类看起来让人很不舒服,例如食物变质后的菌类,会引起疾病,还有一些是有益的,例如用来制作面包和蘑菇的酵母,还可以制药,菌类和植物和动物不同,菌类需要靠外力去移动.
解答 23.B.词义理解题.结合后文such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator可知这种菌类让人感觉不舒服,故选B.
24.D.推理题.根据第四段Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicies,which have saved many lives.可知有些菌类对身体有益,结合最后Fungi clean up more than wounds,though.They are the world's first recyclers.Without fungi,our world would be a mess.Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do,they must get their food elsewhere.Many fungi get their food from dead plants.They break them down and turn them into soil.The fungi get a meal,and the world gets a housecleaning.可知对环境有益,故选D.
25.B.推理题,本文是介绍菌类,有益菌对人类和环境的用处,故推知这是来自于一本生物书,故选B.
点评 本题中个别小题不能直接从文中找到答案,需要自己根据相关内容分析总结.一定要弄懂全文后再动手解答问题.