Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st-January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
【小题1】 The reading is mainly about_____.
| A．the meaning of “Happy New Year!” |
| B．several different New Year traditions |
| C．what to eat on New Year’s Day |
| D．why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day |
| A．some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning |
| B．the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s Day |
| C．people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st-January 1st |
| D．no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year |
| A．bring good luck | B．keep away bad luck |
| C．forget everything | D．plan for the next year |
| A．friends talk to each other in special ways |
| B．families make big dolls filled with old clothes |
| C．some people get up early to watch the sunrise |
| D．Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day |
| A．one pea brings one day of luck |
| B．black-eyed peas are the best medicine |
| C．the peas are too black and taste bad |
| D．the peas are helpful to count numbers |
【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题4】C
【小题5】A
解析试题分析：这篇短文给我们讲述的是不同的文化有不同的庆祝新年的方式，如有的国家是在半夜就开始庆祝新年的到来，而有的国家是早起，看到新年的第一缕阳光来庆祝新年。在新年的时候，还有很多不同的传统习俗，作者给我们举了很多例子来说明。
【小题1】主旨大意题。这篇短文的第一段是本文的中心，根据这一段中Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.我们可知，不同的文化有不同的庆祝新年的方式，而且是在不同的时间。从下一段开始作者给我们讲述了具体有什么不同。因此B选项几种不同的新年传统最符合文意。故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据短文第二段中But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise.可知，在一些国家里，人们更喜欢早起看日出，用这样的方式庆祝新年的到来。由此可知选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据短文第三段中Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean可知，还有一些传统是把一些东西扔到河里或海洋里，代表着在新的一年里远离坏运气。由此可知选B。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据短文第二段中But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.可知，在一些国家里，人们更喜欢早起看日出，他们用看到新年的第一缕阳光这样的方式来庆祝新年的到来。故选C。
【小题5】细节理解题。根据短文最后一句话In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!可知，在美国，一些人吃黑眼豆来获得好运。为了整整一年都有好运气，你必须得吃365粒豆子。由此我们可以推断出吃一粒豆子可以得到一天的好运，故选A。
考点：文化类短文阅读。
科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to worry about people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you are studying hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of you; When you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; When you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. All your happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should not always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
【小题1】 Happiness is for ____________.
| A．those who have large and beautiful houses |
| B．those who have cars |
| C．those who have a lot of money |
| D．all people |
| A．people around you will help you to correct（改正）it |
| B．you will have no chance to challenge yourself |
| C．your classmates will laugh at you |
| D．you will be happy |
| A．When you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you. |
| B．You can’t get help from others when you make mistakes. |
| C．You can’t be a happy person if you have little money. |
| D．Happiness is not a feeling from your heart. |
| A．Because money always brings happiness. |
| B．Because money doesn’t always bring people happiness. |
| C．Because everything can be bought with money. |
| D．Because only rich people have happiness. |
| A．Happiness is for everyone. |
| B．Lucky life. |
| C．Do something good to others. |
| D．Life and success. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The Chinese New Year is the most important holiday for the Chinese people. For the Chinese，the New Year comes with the first day of the First Moon，between January 21 and February 19. People get ready for the holiday for fifteen days.
Finally，at midnight it is the first day of the First Moon. People close the shops and the streets are empty. Everyone locks（锁） the doors and stays at home.
It is an important time for the family. The younger people bow(鞠躬) to the older people. The Chinese call this Ke Tou. This means “to touch the ground with the forehead（额头）”．Then the younger people wish the older people a happy New Year. The older people give children gifts of money inside envelopes（信封）. The family then go to sleep.
In the morning，people dress in（穿上） their best clothes. Some people stay at home，others go out to pay a New Year Call. They are very polite and do not use bad words. It's the most important day of the year.
【小题1】“The Chinese New Year” in the passage means “______”．
| A．MidAutumn | B．the Spring Festival |
| C．Christmas Day | D．the Dragon(龙)Boat Festival |
| A．a few days | B．twelve days |
| C．half a month | D．three weeks |
| A．lots of | B．hundreds of |
| C．many | D．few |
| A．to touch the ground with the forehead . |
| B．to touch the ground with the head . |
| C．to feel the ground. |
| D．to feel the head. |
| A．Good luck! | B．Best wishes! |
| C．Good morning. | D．Happy New Year! |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
February has long been a month of romance. With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.
On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine’s Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome. When the emperor (皇帝) decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn’t allow marriage.
But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death. While in prison, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine”, an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a Saint (圣徒), as well as becoming one of history’s most romantic characters.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine’s cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart-shaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. Valentine.
【小题1】Why did the emperor in Rome not allow marriage in his country?
A. Because there were few women in his country at that time.
B. Because there wasn’t enough food for so many people.
C. Because he thought a single man was better than a married man as a solider..
【小题2】 Valentine was put into prison because ______.
A. he killed one of the soldiers
B. he didn’t obey the emperor’s order
C. he didn’t want to be a soldier
【小题3】The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. Valentine’s Day is also popular in China now
B. it is a good idea to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China
C. it is interesting to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China
【小题4】 The best title for this passage should be ______.
A. Valentine’s Day in China
B. A Brave Priest
C. Valentine’s Day
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf is a Chinese animated television series about a group of goats living on Green Grassland and a clumsy wolf who wants to hunt them. It is aired on over 40 local TV stations including Hong Kong’s TVB, BTV Animation Channel and CCTV. The following are the main characters and their characteristics.
| Characters | Characteristics |
 Slowy | Slowy is an adult goat, serving as the elder and head of the lamb village. His character design is somewhat based on Albert Einstein, with wild frizzy hair, a mustache, and a pair of glasses. He is a scientist and develops machines to protect their school though he is slower than a snail and uses a walking stick. In addition, when he thinks too hard, his head will begin to grow leaves. |
 Weslie | Weslie is the main character of the series. He wears a blue ribbon around his neck with a bell. Weslie is positive, observant, clever and always supportive of his friends. He takes a leadership role in his class and among his peers and is Slowy’s assistant. And in general, he is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
 Paddi | Paddi hates working and likes to sleep. He is often the first caught by Wolffy. Paddi is the cleverest goat of all of them too, although this is seldom seen because of his laziness. He is sometimes a bit selfish. He is also one of the most popular characters. |
 Wolffy | Wolffy always wears an orange cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. He always thinks of clever plans to catch the goats, but he usually ends up being defeated. His failures to catch goats are met with angry scolding and violence from his wife, such as being hit over the head with a frying pan. Even so, his love for Wolnie never disappears. Sometimes he is seen as a respectable cartoon figure because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
 Wolnie | Wolnie is Wolffy’s wife, who is always dressed in a red robe with black and white trims. She always hits him with her frying pan whenever his plans fail; however, she does love her husband. She is actually very smart and while her husband can think of strange inventions to catch goats, her simple ideas are the ons that are actually successful. |
| A．Hong Kong’s TVB | B．BTV Animation Channel |
| C．CCTV | D．A TV station in outer space |
| A．4 | B．2 | C．3 | D．5 |
| A．His plans always fail, so he is foolish. |
| B．He is always scolded and hit by his wife, so he will leave the castle soon. |
| C．He wears a red cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. |
| D．He is seen as a respectable cartoon figure by people because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
| A．Weslie is positive, observant, clever but selfish. |
| B．Weslie is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
| C．Paddi hates working and likes to sleep, but he is the most intelligent goat of all of them. |
| D．Though Wolnie often shouts at and hits her husband with her frying pan whenever his plans fail, she does love her husband. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men, or "stewards" helped the passengers onto the airplane and carried the passengers' luggage (行李) but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930, a woman called Ellen Church invented the "stewardess".
Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. She was a different child. She didn't want to work on a farm or marry a farmer—she wanted a more adventurous (冒险的) life. Ellen studied to be a nurse at the University of Minnesota and then got a job in a hospital. For the next few years she stayed at the hospital but also took flying lessons and got her pilot's license.
Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boeing Air Transport. She loved flying but she understood that airlines were a man's world. Although women like Emelia Earheart were becoming famous, she realized it was impossible for a woman to have a career as a pilot. But she had another idea. Most people were frightened of flying because flying was still an unreliable (不可靠的) way to travel. There were often delays (延误), many crashes and the bad weathers made many passengers sick. Ellen thought nurses could take care of passengers during flights and B.A.T. Agreed.
The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses.
At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for different airlines. The early "stewardesses" had to be under twenty-five-year old, single and slim. When a woman joined an airline, she had to promise not to get married or have children. It was hard job and not well paid. They worked long hours and earned $1 an hour.
In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, "stewardesses" have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.
【小题1】The last sentence of the first paragraph suggests that _________.
| A．the word "stewardess" was made up by Ellen Church |
| B．Ellen Church was the first woman who flew a plane |
| C．Ellen Church was the first woman who worked on a plane |
| D．Ellen Church was the first woman passenger on a plane |
| A．Ellen did not behave in the same way as most as other girls |
| B．Ellen's family was not rich enough to support her education |
| C．Ellen was fond of working as a nurse in the hospital |
| D．Ellen has an unhappy childhood that changed her completely |
| A．her flying experience | B．her university education |
| C．her nursing experience | D．her life attitudes |
| A．be a nurse | B．be married |
| C．be a mother | D．be young |
| A．the background of early flying pilots |
| B．the experience of flying passengers |
| C．the history of early flight attendants |
| D．the development of airplanes |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
阅读下面短文，根据其内容，补全表格中所缺信息。请将答案按编号依次填入表格内的题号后横线上。 （共 10 小题，每小题 1 分：计 10分）
1、The life difference between east and west.rich and poor becomes clear when we look at how the kids sleep at night.
Jyoti, aged 14, Nepal Jyoti left school at a young age and now lives with one of her sisters in the Nepalese countryside where she works on the farm. 4、①The family sleep on mats on the mud floor in the open air, with an open fire for cooking and keeping warm. Jyoti loves dancing and 5、she wants to become a dancer to make money for her family.
Tzvika, aged 12,West Bank(约旦河西岸), Israel 4、②Tzvika lives in a gated community(社区) of 36,000 Orthodox Jews in an Israeli settlement( 定 居 点 ) on the West Bank. Televisions and newspapers are not allowed from the settlement. The average family has nine children, but Tzvika has just two brothers, with whom he shares his room. Religion(宗教) is the most important subject, followed by Hebrew language and math. Sport is not allowed in the school. Tzvika wants to be a learned man when he grows up.
Lamine, aged 12, Bounk Village, South Africa Lamine studies at the local all- boy Koran school and shares a room with several other schoolmates. 6、His day starts at six o’clock when he and the other boys work on the school farm with the guide of teachers, and in the afternoon the boys study the Koran(可兰经). In his free time, lamine likes to play football with his friends and when he grows up he would like to teach in this school.
Ahk?xet, aged 15, River Amazon, Brazil 7、①Ahk?xet is a member of the Kraho tribe(部落) living near the river of Amazon. There are only 1,900 members of the tribe. All the tribe members grow and hunt their own food, and any other material 8、they need is bought, using money made from film companies and photographers who visit their camp. He dreams to be head of the tribe when he grows up. Jasmine, aged 14, Kentucky, the US 7、
②Jasmine lives in a big house with her parents and three brothers in the Kentucky countryside. Her father works as a railroad engineer. Her bedroom is filled with her favorite toys and her wardrobe is filled with her dresses, for 9、she normally gets two new dresses every month. She enjoys being treated like a princess, having her hair done and wearing pretty clothes and make-up and would like to be a rock star when she grows up. 
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
| MOVIE GUIDE THURSDAY | |||
| Rush Hour 15:00 23:00 | My Life as Mcdull 9:00 13:00 | ||
| ①Action Movie Do you like Jackie Chan? Rush Hour is another movie of his. It’s so exciting. Come and have fun! |  | ②Cartoon Mcdull is a little pig. He’s kind of silly but he’s very cute. Do you want to enjoy happiness with him? Be sure to watch it! |  |
| Mr. Bean 11:00 19:00 | Harry Potter Ⅲ 17:00 21:00 | ||
| ③Comedy Rowan is a great actor. His movie Mr. Bean is coming. It’s very funny. Don’t miss it! |  | ④Science Fiction Harry Potter has been in the wizardry school (魔法学校) for three years. He begins a new life. How is everything going? |  |
| A．Exciting. | B．Silly but cute. | C．Funny. | D．Happy. |
| A．Rush Hour. | B．My life as Mcdull. | C．Mr. Bean. | D．Harry PotterⅢ. |
| A．Rush Hour and My life as Mcdull. |
| B．My life as Mcdull and Mr. Bean. |
| C．Mr. Bean and Harry Potter Ⅲ. |
| D．Harry Potter Ⅲ and My life as Mcdull. |
| A．Action Movie. | B．Cartoon. | C．Comedy. | D．Science Fiction. |
| A．Jackie Chan. | B．Rowan. | C．Mcdull. | D．Harry Potter. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Although people everywhere seem to enjoy drinking coffee, they don’t all have the same coffee culture. In Europe for example, coffee shops are common places for people to meet friends and to talk while they drink coffee. On the other hand, places like this were not as common in North America in the past. Instead, people in North America liked to drink coffee in their homes with friends. The coffee culture in the USA changed when Starbucks coffee shops spread across the country.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the USA. It was a small coffee shop that cooked its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three Starbucks stores in Seattle.
Things really began to change for the company in 1981.That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, which caused his great interest. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing（市场营销）.
In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The special environment of the espresso (浓咖啡) bars there caught his eyes. Back in the USA, Schultz created an environment for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Starbucks began opening more stores across the USA. Then the company opened coffee shops in other countries as well. Today, there are more than 16,000 Starbucks coffee shops all over the world.
However, that does not mean Starbucks has not had problems. In fact, many Starbucks stores have closed over the past few years. On the one hand, this is because there were too many coffee shops competing for business in one small area. On the other hand, stores in some countries closed because the coffee culture there did not match with the “feel the same everywhere” environment offered by Starbucks.【小题1】 The underlined word “ran” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
| A．moved | B．managed |
| C．loved | D．used |
【小题2】 According to the passage, which is the right order for the following sentences?【小题3】Why did so many Starbucks close in some countries?| A．All of the coffee tastes the same. |
| B．The coffee in these places was too expensive. |
| C．The people in these countries didn’t drink coffee. |
| D．There were too many coffee shops in one place. |
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