As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins（企鹅）may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(减少) by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa. Many live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).
The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce(繁殖). Besides，many adult penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad，however. Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
【小题1】Penguins ___________.
| A．can swim better than fly | B．can be found near Oceania (大洋洲) |
| C．eat fish only冬腊月 | D．live only in cold waters. |
| A．Oil searching. | B．Widespread fishing. |
| C．Human's killing. | D．Warming of the oceans. |
| A．Because people removed the ship. |
| B．Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild. |
| C．Because people helped the penguins. |
| D．Because people treated the penguins well. |
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
解析试题分析：这篇文章讲述了现在有很多的企鹅处于绝迹的危险中，自从1987年企鹅的数量已经减少了30%。
【小题1】细节题。根据第二段Many live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).许多企鹅生活在冷水附近，但是也有一些生活在加巴格拉群岛的温暖的水域，它们不能飞，但是游泳非常好，它们吃鱼和磷虾。故选C
【小题2】细节判断题，根据文章第三段第四段Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce. Widespread fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks also make penguins be in danger. 可知，海水的升温，人们的滥捕杀戮，石油勘测和石油泄漏是造成企鹅数量减少的原因。可知，B,C,D正确。故选A
【小题3】根据文章最后一段thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.成千上万的人们帮助清理和非常好地治疗企鹅，然后把它们送回大自然。现在南美企鹅的数量比起石油泄漏之前已经上升到了更高的数量。故选D
考点：科普类说明文
点评：对于科普类文章，初中的文章并不会出现太多的生词，学生在解答时首先可以对整个文章花两分钟时间进行阅读，理解作者大概讲什么，然后结合选项中的答案，可以通过相应题目与原文进行比较，结合排除法就可以很快得出结果。
科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：050
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科目：初中英语 来源：2013届度安徽省八年级上学期期中考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
If you have a problem with speaking, you can do several things. Listen to English as much as possible. You can learn a poem(诗) or a song by heart. You can also learn more dialogues（对话）. And practice speaking with your friends as much as you can.
Many people find it difficult to listen to English. The answer is to listen as much as you can. However, don’t do too much at one time. It is better to practice listening for five minutes every day. Don’t sit down and listen for an hour at a time. That’s too much! Do choose listening passages that are interesting and not too difficult. Choose（选择） tapes（磁带） on which the people speak clearly and not too fast. Take it easy， at first. Success with simple tapes at the beginning is the answer. Later on you can practice with tapes that are more difficult.
Finally, how can you learn to write well? How do you use little words like in, on, of and for? There are two answers to this. First, do some study with new words. Keep a list of verbs like look for, look after and so on. Second, read as much English as possible. There are many things that can’t be learnt. You must see them in books many times. Then you’ll be able to use them correctly(正确地) yourself. So, in order to write well, you must first learn to read much.
1.This passage is about English ______ .
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A．spelling, listening, grammar and reading |
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B．listening, speaking, reading and writing |
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C．taking exams, pronunciation, reading and writing |
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D．pronunciation, reading, listening and writing |
2.If you ______ , you can speak well.
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A．learn more dialogues |
B．learn a poem or a song by heart |
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C．practice speaking with your friends as much as you can |
D．all above |
3.Which of the following is right according to the passage?
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A．It’s better to listen to English for a long time every day. |
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B．At the beginning, you’d better choose the tapes on which the people speak quickly. |
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C．At first you should begin with simple tapes for listening. |
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D．Few people think it hard to listen to English. |
4.Which of the following ways can help you to improve（提高） your written English?
A. Buy books of writing practice. B. Read as much as possible.
C. Do some study with new words. D. Both B and C.
5.Which of the following is not right according to the passage?
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A．Many people find it difficult to listen to English. |
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B．Sit down and listen for an hour at a time. |
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C．Learn a poem or a song by heart can improve your speaking. |
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D．To improve speaking, you can practice speaking with your friends as much as you can. |
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
完形填空，阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
A
IQ(intelligence quotient智商)is a score that shows a person’s level of intelligence. People used to believe that some people are born with a high IQ and some aren’t.
1 a study by scientist at University College London has challenged(挑战)this idea. According to an article last October on the Journal Nature, scientists are beginning to think that our IQ is not a constant(不变的)score.
The scientists tested 33 healthy young people in 2004 between the ages of 12 and 16. Then they did tests again four years later, when the same people were between 16 and 20.
Scientists found big changes in the IQ scores between 2008 and 2004. Some 2and some fell 3 as many as 21 points.
To test whether these scores were meaningful, the scientists compared them with results from brain scans(扫描). They found that the IQ changes matched changes in the structure(结构)of the subjects’ brains. “A change in 20 points is a huge 4 ,” said Professor Cathy Price, who led the research. He said it could mean the difference between an average and a 5 person. The team has not found a clear cause for these changes. However, they say it is 6 that education plays a role in changing IQ. “Here we have shown that children’s 7 is likely to be still developing, ” says Price. “We have to be careful not to write off 8 performers at an early stage. In fact, their IQ may improve in a few more years. ”
1 A. And B. However C. Besides D. Though
2 A. rise B. rose C. raise D. raised
3 A. of B. with C. by D. from
4 A. difference B. matter C. thing D. meaning
5 A. successful B. gifted C. able D. rich
6 A. natural B. true C. certain D. possible
7 A. score B. intelligence C. skill D. interest
8 A. clever B. prettier C. nicer D. poorer
B
As darkness fell, hundreds of people in the Swiss village left their houses. They were staring(注视)forward at the mountain top in the distance. It was covered with ice and snow-beautiful and dangerous.
The huge mountain is called Matterhorn. Mountain climbers had 9 the top through the southern route(路线). But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the northern side. But now one man was daring to try the 10 route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber 11 Italy. For two days he had climbed. The village people had watched him anxiously(焦虑). Now they were waiting to see his signal. If he planned to 12 the next day, he would light(点燃)a green signal(信号). A red light would mean that he was turning back. A tiny green light 13 high on the mountain side. Bonatti was not giving up! The people 14. The next day he continued his way upward. He was so lonely and so 15 ! But he would not give up. Again that night he lit the green light. In the morning, Bonatti 16 . He could not see the top;he knew he was 17there. Though the climb was painful, he moved up. Bonatti had spent months 18for the climb. Was the training enough? Did he have the strength and skill to climb to the top? He was finally at the top! News about his. 19 was radioed to the world.
The trip down the southern route was easy. He was warmly welcomed in the village. He had done the “ 20” and would be well remembered as a climber of all time.
9A. reached B. passed C. watched D. followed
10A. comfortable B. important C. difficult D. nervous
11 A. with B. from C. in D. at
12 A. turn back B. come down C. go on D. get back
13A. placed B. appeared C. pulled D. found
14 A. cried B. laughed C. jumped D. cheered
15 A. sleepy B. excited C. tired D. happy
16 A. woke up B. turned up C. got up D. looked up
17 A. already B. almost C. hardly D. surely
18A. training B. practising C. planning D. asking
19 A. importance B. success C. climb D. courage
20A. necessary B. dangerous C. perfect D. impossible
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科目：初中英语 来源：上海模拟题 题型：阅读理解
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科目：初中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
When people visit Switzerland for the first time，they look with great interest，not only at the mountains but also at a type of clock—a Cuckoo-clock，on sale there．Cuckoo-clocks are very popular with tourists looking for a souvenir．A Cuckoo-clock has a small painted cuckoo that comes out near the top of the clock every half an hour and says，“Cuckoo”．Every hour it comes out and says “Cuckoo” the right number of times．It does not get a sore throat at midnight or mid-day! Children find these clocks wonderful．Adults gradually get annoyed because the cuckoo never misses an hour or a half hour，and this makes a short sleep in an armchair rather difficult．
In Europe，the cuckoo's call is a welcome sign that summer is on the way．This is the time when the mother cuckoo flies round，looking for a nest（巢）to lay one of her eggs．She chooses a nest belonging to another bird which already has eggs．When the nest is left unnoticed for a minute or two，the cuckoo rushes down，lays an egg and hurries off．In this way，she may lay her eggs in as many as four different nests．not one of which has been built by herself．
When a cuckoo egg hatches（孵化），the baby bird is bigger and stronger than the other nestlings．Step by step，it pushes other baby birds and any unhatched eggs out of the nest．In this way，it receives all the food from its foster-parents（养父母）and has a better chance of surviving．
1．When tourists first visit Switzerland， ．
A．they are impressed by the mountains
B．they do not find the mountains interesting
C．the Cuckoo-clocks are more interesting to them than the mountains are
D．they find neither the mountains nor the clocks interesting
2．Which of the followings is NOT true?
A．Cuckoos often lay eggs in other birds' nests．
B．If it's exactly 12 o'clock now，the cuckoo will say “cuckoo” twelve times．
C．The cuckoo does not say “cuckoo” at midnight and mid-day．
D．The adults don't like the Cuckoo-clocks as much as the children．
3．Tourists like to buy Cuckoo-clocks ．
A．to remind them of a visit
B．because they can tell time exactly
C．to amuse their children
D．because they are cheaper than other clocks
4．Why are Europeans happy to hear the call of the cuckoo?
A．They like to catch and eat this large bird．
B．The bird has a beautiful way of singing．
C．This bird is used to tell the time in Switzerland．
D．It makes them think that warmer weather is coming．
5．What may other birds think when a cuckoo lays an egg in their nest?
A．They push it out of their nest．
B．It seems that they don't know what has happened．
C．They don't like it but cannot do anything about it．
D．They welcome the egg and the young cuckoo．
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