2.London used to be"foggy"---the"fog"was in fact smog,a mixture of smoke and fog.In other words,it was caused by air pollution.In London,some of this pollution came from factories,but a lot of it came from the coal that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter.By the 1950s,London's smog problem had become so bad that the government decided to do something to clean up the air.It didn't allow people to born coal in any British city.A few years later,the air became much cleaner.
Today many Chinese cities face the same problem with air pollution that London faced sixty years ago.However,this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve.One reason is that more of pollution comes from big factories,rather than from the coal burntin people's houses.If these factories were suddenly closed,it would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs.Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuels is quite expensive.However,the air in many cities will become cleaner,as the government and ordinary people pay more and more attention to protecting the environment.
38.Where was the pollution from in London over sixty years ago?D
A.The pollution came from factories.
B.The pollution was from coal that people burnt in their houses.
C.The pollution was from too much traffic on the roads.
D.The pollution was from factories and coal that people burnt in their houses.
39.How was the air in London after the government didn't allow people to born coal in any British city?C
A.It was still foggy.
B.It was smog.
C.It was much cleaner.
D.It was stormy.
40.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?C
A.In most of Chinese cities there is smog.
B.The reasons of smog in China.
C.The reasons of why it's difficult for China to solve"smog".
D.What did Chinese government do to solve"smog".
41.Which of the following is not true EXCEPTC.
A.people in London were allowed to born coal sixty years ago.
B.the air pollution in many Chinese cities is not serious.
C.smog in fact is a mixture of smoke and fog.
D.changing from coal to cleaner fuels is quite easy and cheap.
分析 伦敦曾经被称为雾都,现在中国像北京、重庆这样的大城市也开始有雾霾了.污染一来自工厂,二来自公民用煤,中国的大城市主要是因为前者,而英国则是后者.中国还不能治理,因为工厂关闭意味着很多人失业.随着政府和公民在清洁空气方面的不断努力,空气变得越来越干净了.
解答 38 D 细节理解题.根据第一段In London,some of this pollution came from factories,but a lot of it came from the coal that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter在伦敦,一些污染来自工厂,但很多来自煤炭,在冬季人们在他们的房子里燃烧煤炭,以保持温暖.可知六十多年前伦敦的污染来自工厂燃烧的煤.故选D.
39 C 细节理解题.根据第一段It didn't allow people to born coal in any British city.A few years later,the air became much cleaner在英国的一些城市不允许用煤,几年后,空气更干净了.所以选C.
40 C 细节理解题.根据第二段However,this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve.然而,对于中国人来说解决雾霾是很困难的,接着讲述了困难的原因,所以选C.
41 C 细节理解题.根据第一段the"fog"was in fact smog,a mixture of smoke and fog"雾"实际上是烟雾,烟和雾的混合物.故答案C正确.
点评 结合本文,对考生阅读李洁娥提出以下几方面要求:1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想,而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节. 2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解,而且要求对其抽象含义的理解,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等. 3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理. 4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题;又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题.