It is said that about half of the people in China smoke. Many young boys and girls have the habit of
smoking, though they are middle school students.
     More and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is. But they are never bored
with it. (1) Some people think it is a kind of fashion, some think it is of great fun and others think that
smoking can refresh themselves.
     Smoking causes many illnesses. A lot of people always cough (2) ______ ______ smoking. The most
serious illness caused by smoking is lung cancer. At the same time smoking is a waste of money. Besides,
careless smokers may cause dangerous fire. 
     (3) 众所周知，吸烟有害于人体健康。In order to keep healthy, we should get rid of the bad habit
of smoking. Please stop smoking at once.

1. 将(1)句划线部分译成汉语：___________________________________________________________
2. 在(2)句的空白处填入适当的词使句意完整、上下文通顺：______ ______ 
3. 将(3)句划线部分的汉语译成英语：_____________________________________________________
4. 列出短文中提到的吸烟的至少两点危害：________________________________________________
5. 该篇短文的主题是：__________________________________________________________________

     Everybody likes to have a good time, but do you know that laughing is very good for your health? Scientists
believe that laughing can help your body fight illness. Because of this, an Indian doctor opened the first laughter
club in 1995.
     Now there are more than 1,000 laughter clubs around the world. A laughter club is a place where you can go
to laugh in your way for happiness and good health. Steve Wilson, the man who took laughter clubs to America,
said, "We laugh with each other, but never at each other. At first, the laughter exercise feels a bit false. But soon
the laughter becomes real."
     Laughter is very important when we communicate with other people. It helps us make friends and
understand each other better. We can laugh with people all over the world. It is the same in any language. So
never be afraid to laugh. It's good for your health.

Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Only one word for each blank.
     Laughing can make us happy and 1.______. The first laughter club 2.______ opened in 1995. Now there
are 3.______ 1,000 laughter clubs all over the world. We can go to a laughter club to laugh for our health, but
remember 4.______ to laugh at each other. Laughter is an international language. It is 5.______ to each other's
understanding. Let's laugh with people around us.

     Some people like to get up late, but some do not. In fact, it is really good for us to get up early every day.
Maybe those who don't like getting up early will not believe this, but it is true. Scientists made a survey in
about one thousand people, and then they found that early rising people had less disease than late rising people,
and early rising people also looked healthier than late rising people, and so on.
     So we may know early rising is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us healthy. We all need
fresh air. But air is never as fresh as early in the morning. Besides, it is useful to do morning exercises.
     Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. In the morning we learn more quickly and find it easier to
understand what we learn.
     Thirdly, early rising can give us a plan of our work for the day. We cannot work well without a good plan.
     Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our hands and faces
and eat our breakfast.
     Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of early rising. They have to make an effort (努力) to do
so. As the English proverb says, "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise?"

Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.
(     )1. People don't always agree on whether to e?et up early.
(     )2. In the passage the writer gives four reasons for early rising.
(     )3. Early rising makes people happier according to the passage.
(     )4. Early risers don't look as healthy as late risers. 
(     )5. The writer encourages people not to sleep late.

     What do you think is the most common illness? Do you get ill sometimes? We are lucky to live now,
because there are lots of medicines to make people better.
     The most common illness in the world is the cold. It often begins with a sore throat. Then you sneeze
and your nose runs. You usually have a headache too. Often you cough later. It's not a very bad illness,
but you can feel quite ill.
     There isn't cure (治愈) for a cold, but you can take medicines to make you feel better. For instance,
aspirin (阿斯匹林) can stop your headache.lt is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water too. A doctor
once said to me, "With the proper medicine, a cold will continue for seven days. With no medicine, it will
continue for a whole week!"
     Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people knew that some plants made them feel
better. They ate the leaves, the roots, the fruit, or the seeds of plants. For instance, the juice of lemons
makes a sore throat feel better.
     In modern times, scientists have looked at these plants, and found out which chemicals (化学物质) are
in them. Many of our medicines today are made from those chemicals.
     There are some illnesses which we can't cure yet. And nobody has found a cure for old age. But because
of modern medicines, most people now live longer than their grandparents.

1. How does a cold often begin? 
    __________________________________________________________
2. Can aspirin stop a headache?
    __________________________________________________________
3. How long does a cold usually continue? 
    __________________________________________________________
4. What kind of juice makes a sore throat feel better? 
    __________________________________________________________
5. What are many of our medicines today made from? 
    __________________________________________________________

     All of us know trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they give us wood and other
products, they give us shade, and the most important of all, they help to prevent droughts and floods.
     In many parts of the world, however, people have not realized the importance of trees to us.
     Two thousand years ago, a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build its warships, with
which it gained itself an empire (帝国). It gained the empire, but without its trees, its soil became hard
and poor. When the empire fell into pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and hunger.
     Even when a government realizes the importance of forests, it is difficult for it to make villagers see
this. The villagers want wood to cook their food, and they can earn money by making things or selling
wood to the town people. They are usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after new trees. So
unless the government does something to control, and also to educate the people, the forests will slowly
disappear.

1. The most important service of trees is that _______.

A. they help people to get rich
B. they provide people with shade
C. they help to prevent droughts and floods
D. they can be used to build warships

2. The empire fell into pieces because _______.

A. it had lost all of its warships
B. it couldn't provide its people with enough money
C. it didn't ask people to plant many trees
D. its people couldn't make a living

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Many people haven't realized the importance of forests.
B. The government should do something to protect the forests.
C. The empire became rich and strong with its powerful warships.
D. People often don't take good care of the new trees they have planted.

4. The forests will disappear if _______.

A. the government realizes the importance of the forests
B. the villagers realize the importance of the forests
C. the government doesn't do something to control or to educate the people
D. the villagers don't cut trees down to make money

5. The writer's purpose in writing the text is _______.

A. to give us advice on how to protect forests
B. to tell the story of the empire two thousand years ago
C. to call on people to do something to protect forests
D. to tell the people to plant as many trees as possible

     Trees are one of the oldest "citizens (公民)" of our Earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noise pollution,
improve water quality (质量) and provide food and building materials.
     Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At l to 3 years old, young trees learn how to protect
themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have
large, deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy.
     当小树成长到四岁的时候，它们成长开始加速并且变得足够强壮以面对未来生命中的挑战。  At the
age of 15, trees become young adults. They grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit.
    It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. Not
only does the adult tree give us shade, oxygen (氧气) and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree
house, or a place for us to nap, read a book, listen to music or sip.(小口喝) tea. If we give the adult tree
proper care, it will continue to live healthily for many years.
     Gradually (渐渐地), trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their
important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it becomes dead, it provides a
home to small animals' and is a source of food for many other animals.
    In many ways, the life of a tree is similar (相似的) to our own life experience. When we are looking at the
life of a tree, we learn about that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every
minute of the life of the trees and take care of the trees!

1. How do young trees protect themselves? And why do they have large, deep green leaves?
    ___________________________________________________________________
2. Why should we enjoy every minute of our own life?
    ___________________________________________________________________
3. 将文中画线的汉语句子翻译成英语。（一空一词）
   When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become ______ ______  to face
    challenges later in life.
4. 将文中画线的英语句子翻译成汉语。
     ___________________________________________________________________
5. 根据短文内容，写出能概括全文大意的句子。 
     ___________________________________________________________________

     Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce a child's chance of becoming short-
sighted, a research shows. It challenges (挑战) the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use,
watching TV or reading in weak light.
     The Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people's eyes. They compared
the vision (视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the
Singaporean children were short-sighted-this rate (比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.
     Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games.
However, the Australian children spent an average (平均) of two hours a day outdoors-90 minutes more
than the Singaporean children.
     Professor (教授) Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council's Vision Centre, said, "Humans are
naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number
of short-sighted people gets larger. We're also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around
the world-and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors."
     Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from
becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical (化学物质) which stops
the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people becoming short-sighted. So be outdoors. It doesn't
matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports.

1. How much time did the Singaporean children spend outdoors on average every day in the research?

A. 2 hours.
B. 90 minutes.
C.1 hour.
D. 30 minutes.

2. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A. Why people become short-sighted.
B. Why natural light has a special chemical.
C. Why playing outside is good for one's eyesight.
D. Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. People will all become short-sighted after they begin to go to school.
B. Playing outdoors for 2 or 3 hours every day can help protect your eyesight.
C. Children in Australia are more likely to get short-sighted than those in Singapore.
D. If you spend two or three hours playing outside each day, you won't get short-sighted.

     The first Earth Day was in 1970. People were beginning to worry about what we were doing to our
environment. So they set up Earth Day to tell everyone about their worries.
     In 2007 organizers m over 150 countries planned over 4,000 big events. But Earth Day is not just about
marches (游行) and big events. In the week around Earth Day (22 April) there were many thousands of
smaller, local events. These events dealt with environmental problems in the neighborhood.
     The World Wide Fund for Nature made a list of 5 things that each person could do to save the environment. 
     * Don't leave the tap running.
     * Turn off lights when you leave a room.
     * Turn off your computer every night.
     * Wash your clothes, and yourself, in warm or cold water, not hot water.
     * Dishwashers use as little water as possible. If we all do at least 2 0f these all the time, we can make a big
difference.

1. What is the purpose for people to set up Earth Day?
    ________________________________________________________________________________
2. When is Earth Day? 
    ________________________________________________________________________________
3. What should people do when the water keeps running from a tap? 
    ________________________________________________________________________________
4. Does the word "dishwashers" mean "machines for washing dishes"?
    ________________________________________________________________________________
5. Besides the five, what else can you do to save our environment? (One example is OK.) 
    ________________________________________________________________________________