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【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 以1930年为例,华纳公司当年赔本800万美元、福斯公司300万、雷电华公司550万。……美国观众到电影院看电影的人次越来越低,从1929年的每周800万人次一下子落到1931年的每周500万人次以下。为了保持平衡,美国各大电影公司不得不裁减人员和少拍影片。

材料二 50年代中期,美国电影业出现危机。……1956年,美国电影观众人次达到最低水平。

材料三 从80年代后期到90年代初期,美国的电影业日趋衰退,甚至有人认为进入了危机阶段。……在60年代到70年代流行一时的汽车电影院,到80年代后期已经有85%关闭了,而仅剩下的南部、西南部和加州地区的这类电影院,也只有在节假日或周末偶尔开放。进入90年代后,美国电影观众的人数比80年代下降了48%左右。

——以上材料均出自鲍玉珩《当代好莱坞》

(1)根据材料一,分析美国电影出现危机的原因。

(2)根据材料二,美国电影业又产生危机的原因是什么?结合所学知识,谈谈电影业方面是如何改进的。

(3)材料三中再一次指出美国电影业日趋衰退,为什么会出现这种情况?

【答案】(1)19291933年美国爆发严重资本主义经济危机,大批人员失业,市场萧条,电影业也受到了很大影响。

(2原因:电视的普及。面对危机,美国电影产业采取了一系列技术处理,扩大银幕如宽银幕,改进音响如立体音响等。

(3)进入高科技时代,电脑的普及、发展对电影形成冲击,电脑成为除电视以外重要的传媒娱乐方式。

【解析】第(1)问,要结合20世纪30年代经济大危机的时代背景来进行分析;第(2)(3)问,要结合电视、电脑等其他相似媒体的出现来分析对电影的影响。

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