【题目】玛纳斯绿洲是新疆最大的绿洲农耕区和国内第四大灌溉农业区,在玛纳斯河冲积扇边缘有一条狭长的泉水溢出带,有“千泉”之称,人们以这里湿地中的湖泊或洼地为库址,修建多个水库,形成了一个规模巨大的湿地水库群,它上接大河、下通灌区。下图为玛纳斯冲积扇及其玛纳斯河流域示意图。
(1)运用水循环原理简要说明冲积扇边缘“千泉”的形成过程。
(2)该地的泉水具有“天旱年水不少,多雨年水不多”特点,试解释其原因。
(3)分析该地巨大湿地水库群对流域生态环境的有利影响。
【答案】(1)降水和高山冰雪融水沿冲积扇向下流的同时,大量渗入地下;当地下水流到冲积扇边缘时,在地势较低处就容易出露而形成泉。
(2)该地深居内陆,降水量少,以高山冰雪融水补给为主,年际变化小;泉水以地下水补给为主,流量稳定。
(3)起到防风固沙的作用,抵御荒漠化对绿洲的威胁;有效的保护流域内生物的多样性;抵御洪涝、干旱灾害的威胁;绿洲小气候得以改善,温差变小,湿度增大。防止流域内土壤次生盐碱化;调节了灌溉用水,保证了供水水源,扩大人工灌溉绿洲的面积。
【解析】试题分析:
(1)冲积扇边缘“千泉”的形成过程,可以从河水补给、地下水下渗等方面回答。
(2)“天旱年水不少,多雨年水不多”的原因,可以从降水、河流补给等方面回答。
(3)该地巨大湿地水库群对流域生态环境的有利影响,可以从保护流域内生物多样性、抵御洪涝灾害、改善气候等方面回答。
【知识点】区域存在的环境与发展问题及其产生的危害,以及有关的治理保护措施
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