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It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton¡¯s ship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world¡¯s most dangerous environments.

In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company¡¯s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. ¡°The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,¡± she said.

Ever since Jon Krakauer¡¯s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(Ñ©±À) into public consciousness. Magazines promise ¡°extreme¡± content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world¡¯s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer¡¯s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.

Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton¡¯s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(ÕÐļ) notice: ¡°Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.¡±

After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. ¡°Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,¡± he remarked earnestly.

¡¾1¡¿We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.

A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in ice

B. Shackleton¡¯s adventure marked the highest point of pure exploration

C. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in ice

D. Shackleton¡¯s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching

¡¾2¡¿The word ¡°spun¡± in the second paragraph can be replaced by ¡°_______¡±.

A. summed up B. judged C. boasted about D. referred to

¡¾3¡¿Since Jon Krakauer¡¯s book was published _______.

A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventure

B. the costs of extreme travel have gone up

C. Everest has got its name known to Europe

D. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches

¡¾4¡¿The adventure in Shackleton¡¯s time has different implications from today¡¯s in that _______.

A. Shackleton¡¯s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadays

B. no one was missing during Shackleton¡¯s adventure

C. Shackleton¡¯s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventure

D. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easily

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