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【题目】读我国新疆(土地面积166.48万km2)荒漠化情况统计数据表,回答下列各题。

表一:新疆的荒漠化土地类型(万km2)

荒漠化土地总量

耕地

林地

草地

未利用土地

111.32

2.35

4.31

50.54

54.12

表二:新疆荒漠化土地形成因素(万km2)

水蚀

风蚀

冻融

盐碱化

12.53

83.93

5.24

9.398

【1】关于新疆土地荒漠化的叙述,正确的是

A.荒漠化土地面积小于非荒漠化土地面积

B.荒漠化主要是滥伐林木造成的

C.保护草地,合理利用草场资源是治理荒漠化的主要任务

D.荒漠化发生在有人类活动的地区

【2】关于土地荒漠化的叙述,正确的是

A.中国南方土地荒漠化地区生态环境尤为脆弱

B.自然因素引起的荒漠化速率比人为活动引起的要快

C.三江平原过度垦殖,土地荒漠化更加严重

D.西北地区风蚀强烈,风沙灾害比较普遍

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【解析】

试题分析:

【1】通过数据可以计算出,荒漠化土地面积大于非荒漠化土地面积;新疆主要的农业用地是草地,荒漠化土地形成因素主要是风蚀,这是由于过度放牧形成的;保护草地,合理利用草场资源是治理该地区荒漠化的主要措施,在自然条件下也能形成荒漠化,只是过程一般很缓慢。

【2】荒漠化是人类不当的活动作用于脆弱的地理环境引起的土地退化,从表中数据和新疆的环境特点可以分析得知,新疆的荒漠化主要是过度放牧、过度开垦,破坏地表植被,土壤遭受风蚀、水蚀等形成的,从形成的动力条件来看,主要是近地面水平气流和地表径流(风蚀、水蚀)。

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