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【题目】阅读下面这首宋诗,完成后面的题目。

题杜子美书室

直将骚雅镇浇淫,琼贝千章照古今。

天地不能笼大句,鬼神无处避幽吟。

几逃兵火羁危极,欲厚民生意思深。

茅屋一间遗像在,有谁于世是知音?

【注】 ①骚雅:骚,指《离骚》;雅,代指《诗经》。②浇淫:指不良风气。③兵火:指安史之乱的战火。

(1)从前两联看,杜甫的诗歌有哪些特点?请结合诗句简要说明。

答:________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(2)本诗抒发了作者什么样的思想感情?请结合全诗简要分析。

答:________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】(1)①思想纯正:杜诗和《离骚》《诗经》这些雅正高尚的作品一样,能压制不良风气,教化人心。②艺术精美:杜诗如美玉珠贝,光彩照耀古今,足为典范。③气魄宏大:天地虽大,也不能将杜诗笼罩其中,可见杜诗的气魄之宏大。④表现力极强:连难以表现的鬼神也被杜诗描绘得无处遁形,可见杜诗描写万物穷形尽相。

(2)①对杜诗伟大成就的赞美:前两联写杜甫诗歌在思想内容和艺术上的特点,表达了对杜诗非凡成就的赞美。②对杜甫坎坷人生的同情:第五句写杜甫多次在战乱中逃亡,几度陷于危难,表达了对杜甫的深切同情。③对杜甫仁爱无私的伟大情怀的景仰:第六句写杜甫在困境中依然希望造福百姓,体现出对杜甫不顾个人安危、心系天下苍生的大仁大爱的景仰之情。④对雅道沦丧、世风颓败的社会现状的不满(或“慨叹”):尾联写杜甫的遗像留在简陋的茅屋中,而当今世上知音寥寥,足见杜甫的艺术精神、高尚情怀没有得到传承,作者对此深感不满与哀伤。(第④点答“对杜甫身后冷清的同情”并恰当分析也可)

【解析】(1)要准确解答此题,首先要弄懂前两联诗句的意思,然后从每一句的具体表述中概括出杜诗的特点,最后用相应的诗句意思对特点加以说明。

(2)诗歌的思想感情可以直接抒发,也可以蕴含在具体的描写叙述中,后者尤为普遍。要准确解答此题,需要弄懂诗句的意思,将蕴含在所写内容之中的情感挖掘出来。诗歌的前四句写了杜诗的伟大成就,所以其情感就是“对杜诗伟大成就的赞美”。第五句写杜甫的不幸遭遇,所以情感就是“对杜甫坎坷人生的同情”。用同样的方式,可以分析出剩下三句诗蕴含的思想感情。

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