Question

【题目】阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

Scientists at Harvard University have recycled a kidney(肾)-in a rat. The researchers removed a kidney from a dead rat. Later, the renewed kidney was put into a living rat. It wasn't perfect. It did, however, show signs of working like a kidney should.

"It's really beautiful work," Edward Ross, a kidney researcher at the University of Florida in Gainesville, told Science News. He didn't work on the new study.

Kidneys are bean-shaped and act like guards in the body. They clean the blood by removing waste and extra water. Every day, an adult's kidneys filter (过滤) enough blood to fill a bathtub half full. Along the way, they produce eight cups of urine (尿) from that waste and water. When a person's kidneys fail, all of that waste stays in the body. Such patients can quickly become very sick and die, unless they are regularly connected to a machine that filters their blood.

At any given time, about 100,000 people in the United States are waiting for a replacement kidney. But healthy donated kidneys are difficult to get. Either a living person must donate one, or a kidney must be removed from someone who just died and earlier had agreed to the donation. In either case, people receiving new kidneys face the r isk that their bodies will reject the donated ones.

But there may be another option. Researchers use knowledge of living things to grow or improve tissue that can aid human health. Harald Ott's team at Harvard started with a "used" kidney.

Scientists added kidney cells from rats and blood vessel cells from people to the matrix（母体）. These cells attached themselves and began to multiply. Before long, they formed new kidney tissue.

The scientists placed this renewed kidney into another rat. There it produced a small amount of urine. This experiment shows that the lab-grown kidney can do at least some of the work performed by a healthy kidney.

The results are a promising first step toward helping people with serious kidney problems. "This is still very early, but they've come a long way," Ross said.

【1】What can we infer from Paragraph l?

A. Biology is a new and helpful science.

B. It's hard to put the rebuilt kidney into the rat.

C. Kidneys are very important to our life.

D. A used kidney may be recycled for new life.

【2】What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. The relationship between kidneys and health.

B. The difficulty of curing serious kidney diseases.

C. The function and importance of kidneys.

D. The methods of curing kidneys diseases.

【3】 For what purpose does the author use the figure 100,000 in Paragraph 4?

A. To stress used kidneys are hard to get.

B. To show the great need for healthy kidneys.

C. To explain many American people get kidney diseases.

D. To call on people to donate kidneys.

【4】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. The scientists are satisfied with the result of te experiment.

B. Ross is a kidney expert who is involved in the experiment.

C. The function of the renewed kidney is the same as a healthy kidney.

D. The renewed kidney produced a great deal of urine.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

本文属于说明文阅读，介绍了一个研究肾脏的实验结果，在文章中提及了肾脏的功能和重要性。

【1】D推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句The researchers removed a kidney from a dead rat. Later, the renewed kidney was put into a living rat.可知一个肾可以回收用于新的生命。故选D。

【2】C 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段前两句“Kidneys are bean-shaped and act like guards in the body. They clean the blood by removing waste and extra water.”可知这段主要介绍肾脏的功能和重要性。故选C。

【3】B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“At any given time, about 100,000 people in the United States are waiting for a replacement kidney.”可知在第四段作者用了100,000这个数字表明对健康的肾脏需求量很大。故选B。

【4】A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“The results are a promising first step toward helping people with serious kidney problems.”可知科学家认为这次研究是很有前途的第一步，说明科学家们对于本次研究结果很满意。故选A。