£¨2010?˳ÒåÇøһģ£©°±ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄ»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£¬Ä³Ñ§Ï°Ð¡×éÓûÖÆÈ¡°±Æø²¢Ì½¾¿ÆäÐÔÖÊ£®Çë»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÆÈ¡°±ÆøµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ
2NH
4Cl+Ca£¨OH£©
2CaCl
2+2NH
3¡ü+2H
2O
2NH
4Cl+Ca£¨OH£©
2CaCl
2+2NH
3¡ü+2H
2O
£®
£¨2£©¢ÙÈçͼ£¨1£©ÊǽøÐа±ÆøÅçȪʵÑéµÄ×°Öã¬Òý·¢ÅçȪµÄ²Ù×÷²½ÖèÊÇ
ÇáÇἷѹµÎ¹Ü£¬Ê¹ÉÙÁ¿Ë®¼ÓÈëÉÕÆ¿£¬È»ºó´ò¿ªÖ¹Ë®¼ÐK
ÇáÇἷѹµÎ¹Ü£¬Ê¹ÉÙÁ¿Ë®¼ÓÈëÉÕÆ¿£¬È»ºó´ò¿ªÖ¹Ë®¼ÐK
£®
¢Ú°±ÆøʹÉÕ±ÖÐÈÜÒºÓÉÎÞÉ«±äΪºìÉ«£¬ÆäÔÒòÊÇ
NH3+H2O?NH3?H2O?NH4++OH-
NH3+H2O?NH3?H2O?NH4++OH-
£¨ÓõçÀë·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©£®
£¨3£©¸ÃС×éͬѧÉè¼ÆÁËÈçͼ£¨2£©ËùʾµÄʵÑé×°Ö㨲¿·Ö¼Ð³ÖÒÇÆ÷δ»³ö£©£¬Ì½¾¿°±ÆøµÄ»¹ÔÐÔ²¢¼ìÑé²úÎ
¢ÙʵÑéÏÖÏóΪ£ººÚÉ«CuO±äΪºìÉ«£»°×É«ÎÞË®CuSO
4·ÛÄ©±äΪÀ¶É«£»Í¬Ê±Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÆøÌ壬¸ÃÆøÌåÎÞÎÛȾ£®Çëд³ö°±ÆøÓëCuO·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
£®
¢Ú¼îʯ»ÒµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ
ÎüÊÕ°±ÆøÖлìÓеÄË®ÕôÆø£¬·ÀÖ¹¸ÉÈŲúÎïË®µÄ²â¶¨
ÎüÊÕ°±ÆøÖлìÓеÄË®ÕôÆø£¬·ÀÖ¹¸ÉÈŲúÎïË®µÄ²â¶¨
£®
¢Û¸Ã×°ÖôæÔÚÃ÷ÏÔȱÏÝ£¬ÇëÖ¸³ö´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ²¢Ìá³ö¸Ä½øÒâ¼û
´Ë×°ÖÃÎÞÓÐβÆøÎüÊÕ×°Öã¬NH
3ÅÅÈë´óÆø£¬ÎÛȾ»·¾³£»Á¬½ÓÒ»¸öÎüÊÕ°±Æø×°ÖÃÈçͼËùʾ£º
£»
´Ë×°ÖÃÎÞÓÐβÆøÎüÊÕ×°Öã¬NH
3ÅÅÈë´óÆø£¬ÎÛȾ»·¾³£»Á¬½ÓÒ»¸öÎüÊÕ°±Æø×°ÖÃÈçͼËùʾ£º
£»
£®
£¨4£©ÓÐͬѧÈÏΪ£ºNH
3ÓëCuO·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄºìÉ«ÎïÖÊÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐCu
2O£®ÒÑÖª£ºCu
2OÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼îÐÔÑõ»¯ÎÔÚËáÐÔÈÜÒºÖУ¬Cu
+µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ±ÈCu
2+²î£¨Cu
+ Cu+Cu
2+£©£®ÇëÄãÉè¼ÆÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄʵÑé¼ìÑé¸ÃºìÉ«ÎïÖÊÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐCu
2O£®
È¡ÉÙÐíÑùÆ·£¬¼ÓÈëÏ¡H2SO4£¬ÈôÈÜÒº³öÏÖÀ¶É«£¬ËµÃ÷ºìÉ«ÎïÖÊÖк¬ÓÐCu2O·´Ö®ÔòûÓÐ
È¡ÉÙÐíÑùÆ·£¬¼ÓÈëÏ¡H2SO4£¬ÈôÈÜÒº³öÏÖÀ¶É«£¬ËµÃ÷ºìÉ«ÎïÖÊÖк¬ÓÐCu2O·´Ö®ÔòûÓÐ
£»
£¨5£©¹¤Òµ·ÏÆøÖеĵªÑõ»¯ÎïÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ´óÆøÎÛȾÎïÖ®Ò»£®ÎªÁËÖÎÀíÎÛȾ£¬¹¤ÒµÉϳ£Óð±ÆøÓëÖ®·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºNO
x+NH
3¡úN
2+H
2O£¬Ê¹Æäת»¯ÎªÎÞ¶¾µÄN
2£®ÏÖÓÐNO
2ºÍNOµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌå3.0L£¬¸ú3.4L£¨Í¬ÎÂͬѹÏ£©NH
3·´Ó¦£¬Ç¡ºÃʹÆäÈ«²¿×ª»¯ÎªµªÆø£¬ÔòÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖУ¬NO
2ÓëNOµÄÌå»ý±ÈÊÇ
7£º3
7£º3
£®