¡¾´ð°¸¡¿
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù¸ù¾ÝÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄº¬ÒåºÍÊéд·½·¨À´»Ø´ð£»
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝȼÉÕÈȵĺ¬Ò壺1molÎïÖÊÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É×îÎȶ¨µÄ»¯ºÏÎïËù·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÏõËá¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔºÍËáÐÔ£»
¢Ú¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÀ´¼ÆË㷴ӦתÒƵç×ÓµÄÁ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝµÃʧµç×ÓÊýÏàµÈÅжÏÆøÌåµÄ³É·Ö£»
¢ÛÀûÓÃÉèδ֪Êý·¨È·¶¨Ò»Ñõ»¯µªºÍ¶þÑõ»¯µªµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È£¬ÔÙ½áºÏÌâÒâÅжÏÉú³ÉÎ´Ó¶øд³ö·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£¬¼ÆËãÏûºÄ°±ÆøµÄÁ¿£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢Ù1gҺ̬Áª°±Óë×ãÁ¿¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö20.05kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬Ôò1mol¼´32gҺ̬Áª°±Óë×ãÁ¿¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³ö20.05kJ×32=641.6kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºN
2H
4£¨l£©+2H
2O
2£¨l£©=N
2£¨g£©+4H
2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-641.6kJ?mol
-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºN
2H
4£¨l£©+2H
2O
2£¨l£©=N
2£¨g£©+4H
2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-641.6kJ?mol
-1£»
¢ÚȼÉÕÈȵĺ¬Ò壺1molÎïÖÊÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É×îÎȶ¨µÄ»¯ºÏÎïËù·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝN
2H
4£¨l£©+2H
2O
2£¨l£©=N
2£¨g£©+4H
2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-641.6kJ?mol
-1£¬4H
2O£¨g£©=4H
2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-176kJ?mol
-1£¬
2H
2O£¨l£©+O
2£¨g£©=2H
2O
2£¨l£©¡÷H=196.4kJ?mol
-1£¬°±ÔÚO
2ÖÐȼÉÕÒ²Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍË®£¬ÔòÁª°±µÄȼÉÕÉú³ÉµªÆøºÍҺ̬ˮµÄ·´Ó¦¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ÉÊÇÉÏÊöÈý¸ö·´Ó¦µÄºÍ£¬¼´N
2H
4£¨l£©+O
2£¨l£©=N
2£¨g£©+2H
2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-621.2kJ?mol
-1£¬£¬ËùÒÔÁª°±µÄȼÉÕÈÈΪ621.2kJ?mol
-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º621.2kJ?mol
-1£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÍÓëÏõËáÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬ÏõËáÔڸ÷´Ó¦Öв¿·Ö»¯ºÏ¼Ûû±ä»¯£¬²¿·ÖµÃµç×Ó×÷Ñõ»¯¼Á£¬ËùÒÔÏõËá±íÏÖµÄÐÔÖÊΪËáÐÔºÍÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºËáÐÔ¡¢Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦ÖÐתÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪÍʧȥµÄµç×ÓÊý£¬µ±0.6molÍÏûºÄʱ£¬ÍʧȥµÄµç×ÓÊýΪ£º0.6mol×2=1.2mol£»Éú³ÉÆøÌåÔÚ±ê×¼×´¿öϵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º
=0.9mol£¬ÈôÖ»Éú³ÉNO
2ÆøÌ壬ÁîÉú³ÉµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªx£¬Ôòµç×ÓתÒÆΪ£¨5-4£©×0.9=0.9mol£¬ÈôÖ»Éú³ÉNOÆøÌ壬ÁîÉú³ÉµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªy£¬Ôòµç×ÓתÒÆ£º£¨5-2£©×0.9=2.7mol£¬ÓÉÓÚ0.9mol£¼1.2mol£¼2.7mol£¬ËùÒÔÆøÌåΪNO¡¢NO
2 »ìºÏÎ¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1.2mol£»NO¡¢NO
2£»
£¨3£©ÉèÆäÖÐNO¡¢NO
2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪx¡¢y£¬¾ÝµÃµç×Ó×ÜÊýÁгö3x+y=1.2 mol£¬¾Ý×ÜÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Áгöx+y=
=0.9mol£¬ÇóµÃx=0.15mol£¬y=0.75mol£¬
Ôò»ìºÏÆøÖÐn£¨NO£©£ºn£¨NO
2£©=1£º5£¬NO¡¢NO
2ÓëNH
3µÄ·´Ó¦²úÎïΪN
2ºÍH
2O£¬Éè·½³ÌʽÖÐNOÇ°¼ÆÁ¿ÊýΪ1£¬ÔòNO
2Ç°¼ÆÁ¿ÊýΪ5£¬ÔÙÉèNH
3Ç°¼ÆÁ¿ÊýΪx£¬
¾ÝN¡¢HÔ×Ó¸öÊýÊغãÅäƽ½á¹ûΪNO+5NO
2+xNH
3¨T
N
2+
H
2O£¬¾ÝOÔ×Ó¸öÊýÊغãÁгö1+5×2=
£¬µÃx=
£¬
´úÈëÕûÀíµÃÅäƽÁ˵Ļ¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ3NO+15NO
2+22NH
3=20N
2+11H
2O£¬µ±ÏûºÄ0.15mol¶þÑõ»¯µªºÍ0.05molÒ»Ñõ»¯µªµÄͬʱÏûºÄ°±ÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇ1.1mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1.1£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÊÇÒ»µÀ×ÛºÏ֪ʶÌâÄ¿£¬¿¼²éÁ˵ç×ÓÊغãºÍÔªËØÊغãµÄ˼ÏëÒÔ¼°ÈÈ»¯Ñ§µÄÓйØ֪ʶ£¬ÄѶȺܴó£®