ÒÔʯÓÍÁѽâ²úÎïÏ©ÌþΪԭÁϺϳÉһЩÐÂÎïÖʵÄ·ÏßÈçÏ¡£

ÒÑÖª£ºDiels-Alder·´Ó¦Îª¹²éîË«Ï©Ó뺬ÓÐÏ©¼ü»òȲ¼üµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÏ໥×÷ÓÃÉú³ÉÁùÔª»·×´»¯ºÏÎïµÄ·´Ó¦£¬×î¼òµ¥µÄDiels-Alder·´Ó¦ÊÇ

Íê³ÉÏÂÁÐÌî¿Õ£º

£¨1£©Ð´³öX·Ö×ÓÖÐËùº¬¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄÃû³Æ                       ¡£

£¨2£©Ð´³öA¡úBµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ                                                ¡£

£¨3£©Ð´³ö¼×ÎïÖʵÄÃû³Æ            ¡£

£¨4£©ÊôÓÚõ¥ÀàÇÒ·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐÁ½¸ö¼×»ùµÄYµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÓР       ÖÖ¡£

£¨5£©RÊÇWµÄÒ»ÖÖͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬RÓöFeCl3ÈÜÒºÏÔ×ÏÉ«£¬µ«R²»ÄÜÓëŨäåË®·´Ó¦£¬Ð´³öRµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ                         ¡£

£¨6£©Ð´³öʵÑéÊÒÓÉDÖƱ¸EµÄºÏ³É·Ïß¡£

£¨ºÏ³É·Ïß³£Óõıíʾ·½Ê½Îª£º£©

 

¡¾´ð°¸¡¿

£¨1£©ÂÈÔ­×Ó  ̼̼˫¼ü

£¨2£©ClCH2-CH2CH2CH2Cl+2NaOH=´¼¼ÓÈÈ=CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2NaCl+2H2O

£¨3£©ÒìÎì¶þÏ©

£¨4£©3

£¨5£©·ÓôÇ»ùµÄÁÚ¶Ôλ¶¼ÓйÙÄÜÍÅ£¨ÌâÄ¿Ó¦¸Ã¶àÒ»¸öÌõ¼þÖ»ÓÐËÄÖÖÇâÔ­×Ó£©

£¨6£©ÏÈÂÈÆø¼Ó³ÉÔÙNaOHÈÜÒºÏûÈ¥

¡¾½âÎö¡¿

ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÌâÐÅÏ¢ÔÚ¹âÕÕÌõ¼þϽøÐеķ´Ó¦Ó¦ÊÇÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬XµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪCH2Cl-CH=CH-CH2Cl £¬Ëùº¬¹ÙÄÜÍÅÓÐÂÈÔ­×ÓºÍ̼̼˫¼ü¡£AµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪClCH2-CH2CH2CH2Cl£»

£¨2£©A¡úB·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦£¬·½³ÌʽΪClCH2-CH2CH2CH2Cl+2NaOH¡úCH2=CH-CH=CH2+2NaCl+2H2O£¬ÔòBµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪCH2=CH-CH=CH2¡£Bµ½D·¢ÉúÀàËÆÐÅÏ¢µÄ¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉD£¬ÓÉÄ¿±êÎï¸ß·Ö×ÓÎïÖÊ·´ÍÆÆäµ¥ÌåEΪ¡£

£¨3£©ÓÉXµ½YµÄÌõ¼þ¿ÉÖª·¢ÉúµÄÊÇË®½â·´Ó¦£¬YΪCH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH£¬ZΪ OHC-CH=CH-CHO,ÓÉÄ¿±êÎï²¢¸ù¾ÝÐÅÏ¢·´ÍƵü×ΪÒìÎì¶þÏ©£¬WΪ¡£

£¨4£©YΪCH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH£¬ÊôÓÚõ¥ÀàÇÒ·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐÁ½¸ö¼×»ùµÄYµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÓÐCH3COOCH2CH3,HCOOCH(CH3)2,CH3CH2COOCH3¹²3ÖÖ¡£

£¨5£©RÊÇWµÄÒ»ÖÖͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬˵Ã÷·Ö×ÓʽÏàͬ£¬RÓöFeCl3ÈÜÒºÏÔ×ÏÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷ÊÇ·ÓÀàÎïÖÊ£¬µ«R²»ÄÜÓëŨäåË®·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÖª·ÓôÇ»ùÁÚ¶ÔλûÓÐÇâÔ­×Ó£¬ÔòRµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ,»¹ÓÐÆäËü¼¸ÖÖ£¬·ÓôÇ»ùµÄÁÚ¶Ôλ¶¼ÓйÙÄÜÍÅ£¨ÌâÄ¿Ó¦¸Ã¶àÒ»¸öÌõ¼þÖ»ÓÐËÄÖÖÇâÔ­×Ó£©¡£

£¨6£©ÏÈÂÈÆø¼Ó³ÉÔÙNaOHÈÜÒºÏûÈ¥£¬ºÏ³É·ÏßΪ¡£

¿¼µã£º±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éÓлúÎï½á¹¹¼òʽµÄÍƶϣ¬Í¬·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåµÄÅжϣ¬ÓлúºÏ³É·ÏßµÄÊéд¡£

 

Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÏ°Ìâ

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º ÌâÐÍ£º

£¨1£©Ï±íÊÇÔÚ1.013¡Á105PaϲâµÃµÄ¼¸ÖÖÎïÖʵķе㣺

½á¹¹¼òʽ

·Ðµã/¡æ

½á¹¹¼òʽ

·Ðµã/¡æ

CH3CH3

£­88.6

CH2£½CH2

£­103.7

CH3CH2CH3

£­42.2

CH2£½CHCH3

£­47.4

CH3CH2CH2CH3

£­0.5

CH3CH2CH£½CH2

£­6.3

£­11.7

£­6.9

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

36.1

CH3CH2CH2CH£½CH2

30

20.1

´Ó±íÖÐÊý¾Ý·ÖÎö£¬ÔÚ1.013¡Á105PA£®25¡æʱµÄ״̬ÊÇ        £¨ÌîÆø̬¡¢ÒºÌ¬»ò¹Ì̬£©¡£

£¨2£©Ê¯ÓÍÁѽâÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔӵĹý³Ì£¬Æä²úÎïΪ»ìºÏÎï¡£ÀýÈ磺

   

¢ÙÉÏÊöÍéÌþºÍ»·ÍéÌþÁѽⷴӦÖУ¬²úÎïMµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª       £¬NµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª    ¡£

¢ÚÏÂÁйØÓÚµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ       ¡£

A£®¿ÉÓÃäåË®Çø±ðºÍ

B£®µÈÖÊÁ¿µÄºÍÍêȫȼÉÕʱµÄºÄÑõÁ¿Ïàͬ

C£®¿ÉÓëË®ÒÔÈÎÒâ±È»¥ÈÜ

£¨3£©¹¤ÒµÉÏÁѽⷴӦµÄ²úÎﶼÊÇÆø̬С·Ö×ÓÍéÌþºÍÏ©ÌþµÄ»ìºÏÎ½«ËüÃÇÖðÒ»·ÖÀëµÄ·½·¨ÊÇ                                                                           ¡£

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖл¯Ñ§ À´Ô´£º ÌâÐÍ£º

£¨8·Ö£©£¨1£©Ê¯ÓÍÁѽâÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔӵĹý³Ì£¬Æä²úÎïΪ»ìºÏÎï¡£ÀýÈ磺

¢ÙÉÏÊöÍéÌþºÍ»·ÍéÌþÁѽⷴӦÖУ¬²úÎïMµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª         £¬NµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª         ¡£

¢ÚÏÂÁйØÓÚµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ               ¡£

A.¿ÉÓÃäåË®Çø±ðºÍ

B.µÈÖÊÁ¿µÄºÍÍêȫȼÉÕʱµÄºÄÑõÁ¿Ïàͬ

C.¿ÉÓëË®ÒÔÈÎÒâ±È»¥ÈÜ

(2)¹¤ÒµÉÏÁѽⷴӦµÄ²úÎﶼÊÇÆø̬С·Ö×ÓÍéÌþºÍÏ©ÌþµÄ»ìºÏÎ½«ËüÃÇÖðÒ»·ÖÀëµÄ·½·¨ÊÇ                 

²é¿´´ð°¸ºÍ½âÎö>>

ͬ²½Á·Ï°²á´ð°¸