“Business is war.” The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.
But today in doing business, you have to listen to shareholders, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.
Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.
To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.
Game theory breaks down the game into key elements :players, added values, rules, tactics（计谋）, and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.
Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.
46．The author of this passage is _______ the idea that “Business is war.”
A．in favor of B．against C．considering D．doubtful of
47．“PARTS” stands for _______.
A．players, added values, rules, tactics and scope
B．all of the elements in the game theory
C．the parties in a game
D．the parts that affect the result of the game
48．The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is _______.
A．you are really good at playing the game, but you still lose it out
B．you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terribly
C．you play the game too well to suffer great loss
D．the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it
49．The author thinks that _______.
A．we shall play very hard
B．we shall continue in the course we are heading
C．we shall play in the right direction
D．we shall always change no matter the change is good or not
50. Why does the writer mention game theory?
A. To inform the readers of the key elements.
B. To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.
C. To prove business is war.
D. To introduce the Chinese old saying.
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怎样学好牛津英语系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery(电池)was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership - a shop selling cars - was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
"Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?" I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment, so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
"Thank you" - two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.
The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_________.
A. to visit a friend
B. to see his parents
C. to pay at the cash register
D. to have more gas for his car
The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “______”.
A. turned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up
What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.
The battery of the author’s car was dead because_______.
A. something went wrong with the lights
B. the meeting lasted a whole day
C. he forgot to turn off the lights
D. he drove too long a distance
By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show______.
A. how to write a thank-you letter
B. how to deal with car problems
C. the kind-heartedness of older people
D. the importance of expressing thanks
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Certainly dustmen prefer to be known as "Reuse Collection and Disposal Officers". You may think that this is rather 36 , and it is better to call a spade a spade. But dustmen can be as 37 as people of any other occupation, though we must 38 that their job is not a 39 one in the world. We often take dustmen for granted. Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are 40 .We are likely to forget their 41 .Our dustbins are 42 regularly, but we 43 stop to think about the men who do this. However, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen to 44 the rubbish, the general 45 soon becomes aware that something is wrong. Recently, the dustmen of England went on strike for higher wages.
During the first few days it was regarded as a 46 .But when the first two weeks had passed, and the dustbins were overflowing in nearly every backyard in the country, the joke did not seem so 47 any more. 48 the strike continued, people could not 49 the hills of rubbish around their dustbins, and they looked for other places in which to 50 it. Even Leicester Square, in the heart of West End of London, was 51 high with plastic bags full of smelly rubbish. This was a（n） 52 attraction that the people of London were not at all 53 to see. Even when the strike was over, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely. Perhaps now the English people appreciate the work of 54 dustmen rather more 55 and won't take them for granted any more.
A.clever B.silly C.interesting D.reasonable
A.sensitive B.careless C.hopeful D.shy
A.realize B.believe C.know D.admit
A.necessary B.difficult C.romantic D.heavy
A.away B.up C.down D.in
. A.existence B.presence C.absence D.performance
A.cleaned B.filled C.emptied D.burned
A.generally B.frequently C.sometimes D.seldom
A.take away B.take off C.take up D.take on
A.society B.citizen C.public D.community
A.trick B.joke C.trouble D.show
A.pleasing B.excited C.stupid D.funny
A.When B.While C.As D.Because
A.bear B.contain C.manage D.control
A.keep off B.give up C.take care of D.get rid of
A.crowded B.piled C.fixed D.put
A.business B.industrial C.tourist D.agricultural
. A.disappointed B.serious C.nervous D.happy
A.its B.her C.his D.their
A.highly B.eagerly C.lowly D.entirely
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
My father came to the United States as a Ukrainian immigrant (移民) when he was 14 years old. Unable to speak English but willing to do anything to succeed, he learned the language, became a barber, and opened up his own business in a small town. He put my sister and me through college during a time when most people thought that women didn’t need an education and that they should be satisfied with getting married and having children. He gave us values and ambition. But this story didn’t really start until my father was 60 years old.
I was preparing to get married and my father was attempting to practice the polke, a must at any Ukrainian wedding. But he just couldn’t do it! He had lost mobility in his leg and was diagnosed with a brain tumor (肿瘤). After surgery, this energetic, hard-working man was forced to retire as a result of significant paralysis (瘫痪) in his right arm and leg. My dad had always worked two jobs and spent his spare time working around the house. Now that kind of life came to a sudden stop. Yet never once did he complain. He bought rubber balls and spent his days trying to regain his hand mobility by squeezing those balls over and over.
After his last operation, he chatted with me pleasantly in the hospital room until a nurse flew into the room, waving her finger at me, and yelling, “You’d better tell your father to stay in bed. He is paralyzed and will never walk again. He needs to stop trying to get out of bed and accept the fact that he can’t walk now or ever. I am sick of picking him up and you’d better warn him to stay put!” My father smiled. He spent a great deal of time on the floor that year, but he eventually got up and walked.
My father lived nineteen more years after that operation. He bought himself a motor scooter (小型摩托车) and spent years zipping around the streets of Philadelphia. He was proud, free, and always smiling.
In what way was the author’s father different from most other people in his times?
A. He succeeded in migrating to the U.S.
B. He learned the new language easily and quickly.
C. He achieved his life goal by working as a barber.
D. He had his daughters educated.
The underlined word “polke” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to .
A. a song B. a dance C. a musical instrument D. a tool for painting
The author’s father used the rubber balls to .
A. kill his too much spare time B. relieve himself from work pressure
C. get his hand’s function back D. recover from his operation
Which of the following can be used to describe the author’s father?
A. Perfect. B. Strong-minded. C. Creative. D. Impractical.
What can we learn from the text?
A. Love can do wonders. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. A father’s love is most valuable. D. Never give up on your life.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
“Image is everything.” An entire industry has been built upon the assumption that image is everything, but when it comes down to it, an appealing image is not enough. If there is no substance(事实) behind the image, the product, service or person will fail eventually.
First of all, one should consider how important image is in the selling of products and services. Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection. Public concept of that product or service is certainly managed by the images created by the advertising agencies. But if the product or service does not live up to the image that was created, the customer will be very dissatisfied and possibly ask for their money back. For example, the Arthur Andersen accounting firm had spent decades building up an image of trustworthiness. But the recent scandal (丑闻) showed that behind that image, it cheated in business practices. Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions and it will probably not survive as a business unit. Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to the downfall of the world famous accounting firm.
Similarly, personal advisers can build up a public image for politicians and movie stars. Putting out positive news releases, making sure that only the best photographs are published, and ensuring that the person is seen in all the right places can build up a very positive image in the view of the general commons. But once again, history is filled with examples of both politicians and movie stars that fell from grace like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune. With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind the image, failure is close.
To summarize, it is clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is related to selling a product or service or to the “selling” of a person. But image is only half of the equation. What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself —— the person or product must deliver on that image or there is little chance for long-term success.
The downfall of the Arthour Andersen accounting firm is due to ________.
A. its dishonesty in business B. its previous images
C. its bad management D. its poor service
Why did some famous people fall from grace?
A. Their images were not well built up B. They failed to live up to their images.
C.They felt much pressure from the public D. They paid little attention to fame and fortune.
The structure of the passage is ________.
A: Argument P: Point C: Conclusion
The author tries to argue that _________.
A. image creates everything B. image is the key to success
C. truth is unlikely ever to be equalled D. truth and image are equally important
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Every time I passed boys who were playing basketball, I stopped to silently watch them. I really envied them. But as a girl, I once thought that I could 36 play basketball.
I like playing basketball though I'm not good at it. I've had a basketball 37 I was a child. At first, I could play freely because no one 38 when I was just a kid. But as I grew up it seemed harder and harder for me to enjoy basketball.
At school, it was always the boys who played basketball during PE classes. The girls were 39 allowed to play volleyball or badminton.
My parents did not 40 me play basketball at home. “Basketball is not fit for girls,” they said. 41 I went to play basketball with my friends, boys 42 at me on the court as if I were an alien.
I was feeling 43 and had lost hope of playing basketball. 44 , something changed the first day of high school. I made some friends who also enjoyed playing basketball. They 45 me to get back on the court.
One of them told me with a smile, “Go your own 46 , let others talk.” This girl would always play basketball with me. Even the boy who sat next to me in class talked about 47 with me almost every day.
I was inspired by them. Confidence and passion 48 to my heart. I am ready to stand up and play. I will play as well as I can, 49 for me, even the sky is boundless (无垠的).
Basketball has become an important part of my 50 . I am interested in it. I watch matches and enjoy playing almost every day. Through basketball, not only do I feel happy and confident, but also 51 a lot.
I've heard the NBA star Tracy McGrady say, “Nothing is impossible.” It is from an advertisement on TV. I have 52 to realize that life is just like playing basketball. You should have an 53 . After that, just be confident and 54 going. Never give up and you'll make it sooner or later.
I love the motto of the NBA. It can 55 my strong feelings for basketball, “I love this game!”
| A. ever | B. often | C. never | D. always |
| A. when | B. before | C. after | D. since |
| A. struggled | B. eared | C. enjoyed | D. joined |
| A. only | B. almost | C. hardly | D. not |
| A. encourage | B. agree | C. let | D. permit |
| A. Still | B. Yet | C. Just | D. Even |
| A. looked | B. glared | C. glanced | D. stared |
| A. up | B. down | C. excited | D. satisfied |
| A. Unluckily | B. Naturally | C. Unexpectedly | D. Clearly |
| A. encouraged | B. forbade | C. ensured | D. explored |
| A. effort | B. way | C. business | D. direction |
| A. basketball | B. sports | C. interests | D. dreams |
| A. stuck | B. referred | C. turned | D. returned |
| A. but | B. though | C. and | D. however |
| A. wish | B. life | C. work | D. study |
| A. experience | B. grow | C. learn | D. play |
| A. come | B. turned | C. refused | D. happened |
| A. idea | B. aim | C. opinion | D. effort |
| A, insist | B. remain | C. keep | D. last |
| A. inform | B. express | C. ignore | D. connect |
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