8．Phrases like"tiger mom"and‘‘helicopter parent"have made their way into everyday language．Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort，we might turn out children with bright futures．But is there anything wrong with a kind of"overparenting style"？ Parental involvement has a long history of being studied．Many of the studies，conducted by Diana Baumrind，a famous psychologist at the University of California，Berkeley，have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way，who sets high expectations but gives her child independence．These"authoritative parents"appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically，psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved，or controlling and more involved．Why is this parenting style so successful？ Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children．Carol Dweck，a social psychologist at Stanford University，has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children．In a typical experiment，Dr．Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle．Most do so with little difficulty．But then Dr．Dweck tells some，but not all，of the kids how clever they are．As it turns out，the children who are not told they're smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles．They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving． As the experiment suggests，praising children's talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence．Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one's status as"smart"．Dr．Dweck's work strongly supports that of Dr．Baumrind，who also found that reasonably supporting a child's independence and limiting interference （干涉） causes better academic and emotional results． The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident．If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can't walk，you reduce her confidence．Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting．It is easier when they are young．The potential mistakes carry greater risks，and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children．
32．According to the passage，a"tiger mom"D． A．helps her children realize their dreams B．speaks her children's everyday language C．places reasonable expectations on her children D．pays close attention to her children's experiences 33．It is implied that controlling style of parenting mayA． A．cause more problems in children B．foster independence in children C．face more challenges of children D．lead to children's academic success 34．The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests thatB． A．a good game plays a big role in training young minds B．overpraising makes children less motivated and confident C．puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need D．bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games 35．The last paragraph tells us thatC． A．children should not be given much freedom B．parents should not increase the risk of challenging C．parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes D．children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents．
10．How many of us blame"destiny"when we're going through tough periods of life？We always hear people say，it's bad luck．But is this"luck"thing really so serious and irreversible？Though few events of our life like birth or death are controlled by destiny，when it comes to hard times，opportunities，or challenges we can make them different by our deeds． Even when passing through the roughest period of our life，we can turn it in our favor by hard work．No good deed goes without being paid off and it does have the power of changing the fortunes．For example，if one has worked for 20 hours in a week，the employer will pay for 20 hours．Similarly if we are walking on the path of positivity，performing our deeds，we'll be paid off．Even when nothing seems working，it's better to keep trying to make something good happen rather than sitting or complaining． When trapped from all sides in a dark cave，one is not supposed to break the rock straight away．Instead，he should pull out a small hole among rocks to let the sunshine and air come in to avoid suffocation （室息）．Then efforts are aimed at breaking free． Human life is precious and powerful．This power is"will power"．However this"will power"has to be connected with hard work，commitment and positivism．And if you are doing so，no matter how tough the problem is o r how tough the time is，it will have to change as the result of your deeds and you will rewrite your destiny． The secret lies in being energetic and not giving up．The secret lies in always making efforts to fill the gap between"what is happening"and"what you want to make happen"．The secret lie s not in being the victim or passers-by of circumstances but in being the winner of circumstances． 28．What does the underlined word"irreversible"mean？B A．That can be controlled by others． B．That cannot be changed． C．That can produce serious results． D．That can last for a long time． 29．We can learn from Paragraph 2 thatC． A．god helps those who help themselves B．most employers can treat employees，fairly C．try your best and you will be paid off at last D．the longer you work，the more you will be paid 30．The author sets the example of"dark cave"to prove the opinion thatD． A．method is important in life B．one will suffer from suffocation without air C．never should we lose confidence in life D．we can change luck with efforts 31．What is the main idea of the passage？A A．Rewrite your destiny． B．How to change one's bad luck． C．Why should we be energetic to life？ D．Human life is precious and powerful．
