12£®Passenger pigeons£¨Âø룩 once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers£®Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks£¨Èº£© so large that they darkened the sky for hours£®
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point£¬there were more than 3billion passenger pigeons-a number equal to 24to 40percent of the total bird population in the United States£¬making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world£®Even as late as 1870when their numbers had already become smaller£¬a flock believed to be 1mile wide and 320miles £¨about 515kilometers£© long was seen near Cincinnati£®
Sadly£¬the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing£®Where the birds were most abundant£¬people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands£®Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain£¬waited until pigeons had settled to feed£¬then threw large nets over them£¬taking hundreds at a time£®The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants£®
By the closing decades of the 19th century£¬the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans'need for wood£¬which scattered £¨ÇýÉ¢£© the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north£¬where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline£®Soon the great flocks were gone£¬never to be seen again£®
In 1897£¬the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons£¬but by then£¬no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10years£®The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County£¬Ohio£¬in 1900£®For a time£¬a few birds survived under human care£®The last of them£¬known affectionately as Martha£¬died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1£¬1914£®

51£®In the 18th and early 19th centuries£¬passenger pigeonsD£®
A£®were the biggest bird in the world
B£®lived mainly in the south of America
C£®did great harm to the natural environment
D£®were the largest bird population in the US
52£®The underlined word"undoing"probably refers to the pigeons'B£®
A£®escape   
B£®ruin
C£®liberation
D£®evolution
53£®What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons£¿C
A£®To seek pleasure£®
B£®To save other birds£®
C£®To make money£®
D£®To protect crops£®
54£®What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan£¿B
A£®It was ignored£®
B£®It was too late£®
C£®It was unfair£®
D£®It was strict£®
55£®Which of the following is the best title of the passage£¿C
A£®The protection of passenger pigeons£®
B£®The abundance of passenger pigeons£®
C£®The disappearance of passenger pigeons£®
D£®The population of passenger pigeons£®

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½â´ð 51£®D£®Ï¸½ÚÀí½âÌ⣮¸ù¾ÝÎÄÕµÚÒ»¶Î"Passenger pigeons once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers£®Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks£¨Èº£©so large that they darkened the sky for hours£®"¿ÉÖª£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹ú£¬18ÊÀ¼ÍºÍ19ÊÀ¼ÍÂøëµÄÊýÁ¿ºÜ´ó£®¹ÊÑ¡D£®
52£®B£®´ÊÒå²Â²âÌ⣮¸ù¾ÝÎÄÕÂ"Where the birds were abundant£¬people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands£®"¿ÉÖª£¬ÈËÃÇÈÏΪÂøëÊýÁ¿¶à»áÓÀºãµÄ¹©Ó¦£¬ÓÚÊdzÉǧµÄÈËɱº¦ÁËÂø룮Òò´Ë¿ÉÍƲâ´Ë´¦undoingµÄÒâ˼ÊÇËÀÍö£¬»ÙÃ𣮹ÊÑ¡B£®
53£®C£® Ï¸½ÚÀí½âÌ⣮¸ù¾ÝÎÄÕµÚÈý¶Î"Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain£¬waited until pigeons had settled to feed£¬then threw large nets over them£¬taking hundreds at a time£®The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants£®"¿ÉÖª£¬ÉÌÒµÁÔÈ˲¶×½ÁË´óÁ¿µÄÂø룬°ÑËûÃÇÂôµ½´ó³ÇÊеIJ͹ÝÀÒò´ËÍƲâÈËÃÇɱËÀÂøëµÄÖ÷ÒªÔ­ÒòÊÇΪÁË׬Ǯ£®Ñ¡ÏîAµÄÒâ˼ÊÇÑ°¿ªÐÄ£®ÎÄÖÐûÓÐÌáµ½ÈÃÈËÃǸßÐ˵ÄÄÚÈÝ£¬¹Ê²»·ûºÏÎÄÕµÄÒâ˼£®Ñ¡ÏîB£¬ÎªÁËÍì¾ÈÆäËûÄñÀ࣮ÔÚÎÄÖÐûÓÐÌáµ½ÆäËûÄñÀ࣬¹Ê²»·ûºÏÔ­ÎÄ£¬¹ÊÅųýBÏѡÏîD£¬ÎªÁ˱£»¤×¯¼Ú£®¸ù¾Ýthe hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans'need for wood£¬which scattered£¨ÇýÉ¢£©the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north£¬¿ÉÖªÃÀ¹úÈËÊÇΪÁËÐèҪľ²Ä¶øÇý¸ÏÂø룬¶ø²»ÊÇΪÁ˱£»¤×¯¼Ú£¬¹ÊÅųýDÏ¹ÊÑ¡C£®
54£®B£®ÍÆÀíÅжÏÌ⣮¸ù¾ÝIÎÄÕÂ×îºóÒ»¶Î"n 1897£¬the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons£¬but by then£¬no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years£®"¿ÉÖª£¬µ½ÃÜЪ¸ùÖÝͨ¹ý½ûÖ¹ÍÀɱÂøëµÄ·¨ÂÉʱ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹úÒѾ­10ÄêûÓмû¹ý´óµÄÂøëȺ£¬Õâ¿ÉÍƶÏÂøëÊýÁ¿ÒѾ­ºÜÉÙÁË£¬Òò´ËÕâÏî·¨ÂÉͨ¹ýµÃÌ«ÍíÁË£®¹ÊÑ¡B£®
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A£®will be fittedB£®fitted
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7£®-Anna£¬you look so tired and wet all over!
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A£®am movingB£®have moved
C£®had movedD£®have been moving

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4£®Under the environment of fierce competition£¬the only way John could imagine _______ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts£®£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£®handlingB£®to handleC£®handledD£®having handled

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7£®A£®Gift giving proven to be valuable£®
B£®Memories from gift giving
C£®Moments and events for gift giving
D£®Various functions of gift giving
E£®Gift giving as a wasteful practice
F£®Gift giving as a two-way social activity
Gift Giving

61£®C
There are many occasions£¨³¡ºÏ£© for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies£ºbirthdays£¬naming ceremonies£¬weddings£¬anniversaries£¬New Year£¬It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures£®In addition£¬special events£¬such as one's first day of school or graduation from university£¬often require gift fiving£®
62£®F
What is happening when we give gifts£¿Most important£¬we are exchanging gifts£®If someone gives me a gift for my birthday£¬I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday£®A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation£¨ÒåÎñ£©£®
63£®D
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones£®People say that a gift lets the recipient£¨½ÓÊÜÕߣ© know we are thinking of them£¬and that we want to make the person"feel special£®"We want people to feel wanted£¬to feel part of our social or family group£®We give presents to say"I'm sorry£®"Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like£®Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with£®In all these cases£¬the gifts are sending out messages-often very expressive ones£®
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People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way£®A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house£®These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years£º"I appreciate these£¬and they mean something to me£¬"the woman said£¬"because I remember the occasions they were given on£¬and that they were from my mother£¬and the relationship we've had£®"The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind£®This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others£®She hoped that the recipients would look at here gifts in years to come and remember her£®
65£®A
Emotions£¨Çé¸Ð£©like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving£®They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful£®Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case£®Each gift is unique even if so many are given£®The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue£®

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17£®The recent gang-rape£¨Âּ飩of a young woman in India has caused major protests£®The woman later died of her injuries£®The crime has also brought attention to the issue of women's rights in India£®
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has repeated that the government will bring to justice those guilty of the violent rape£¬and that he and ruling Congress Party leader Sonia Gandhi share the country's anger over the crime£®
Police have arrested six people accused of the attack which took place on December 16£®The driver of the bus was also seized£®The victim was a twenty-three-year-old medical student£®She and a male friend received a ride on the private bus where a group of men severely beat her for an hour and then threw her off£®Her male friend was also beaten£®
After receiving treatment in a hospital in the capital£¬the victim was taken by air to Singapore where she died at Mount Elizabeth Hospital£®Doctors said the woman suffered severe brain injury£®
Prime Minster Singh told a conference Thursday that attacks against women happen in all states and areas£®I le said"The safety and security of women is of the highest concern to our government£®A commission of inquiry is being set up to look into precisely these issues in the capital£®"
Officials say two committees will be set up in reaction to the protests£®One group is to investigate the possibility of faster trials in cases of sexual violence£®Another will examine police reaction to the crime and suggest measures to improve women's safety£®
India's junior home minister announced another new measure£®The official said people who have been found guilty of rape will be publicly dishonored£®They are to have their names and pictures placed on a ministry Website£®
Last year£¬New Delhi alone reported more than 570rapes£®More than 600of the crimes have been reported this year£®Some lawmakers in India have now suggested that rape should be punished by death£®

43£®What was people's reaction to the gang-rape in India£¿A
A£®They were angry and held massive protests£®
B£®They despaired of their safety and future life£®
C£®They wanted the problem to be solved quickly£®
D£®They felt disappointed about their officials£®
44£®What can we learn about the victim from the passage£¿B
A£®She was studying at New Delhi Normal University£®
B£¬She later died of severe injuries in Singapore£®
C£®Her boyfriend ran away when the attack happened£®
D£¬Her treatment in New Delhi was very successful£®
45£®According to the passage£¬we can conclude thatD
A£®the suspects'names have already been placed on websites
B£®no measures have been taken to improve women's safety
C£®the women in India don't have any right and freedom
D£®in New Delhi the cases of sexual violence arc on the increase
46£®What's the main idea of the passage£¿D
A£®India is making new laws to punish sexual crimes£®
B£®India is trying its best to deal with the protests£®
C£®India is taking measures to improve women's safety£®
D£®India is looking for answers after the deadly rape£®

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4£®Europe on Thursday launched the first satellite of its Copernicus Earth observation project that will supply valuable images in the event of natural disasters or even a plane crash£®
     The Sentinel-la satellite£¬which was sent into Earth's orbit from Europe's spaceport in French Guiana9 will be used to monitor sea ice£¬oil spills and land use and to respond to emergencies such as floods and earthquakes£®
The Copernicus proiect£¬for which the European Union and the-European Space Agency £¨ESA£© have committed funding of around 8.4 billion euros £¨_$_11.5 billion£© until 2020£¬is described by the _ESA as the most ambitious earth observation program  to date£®
"The big step forward is that we can now cover every place on Earth every three to six days£¬"Volker Liebig£¬director of ESA's Earth Observation program£¬said ahead of the launch£®"If you want to use images for disaster management support or to find a plane£¬then you want the images to be as fresh as possible£®"But he cautioned you would first need to know roughly where a plane had crashed£¬which is not the case with the missing Malaysian Airlines jet£®
    Copernicus also offers new business opportunities£®Images can be downloaded free of charge£¬meaning companies can then use them to help deliver data to farmers on soil conditions or pest infestation£¬help oil companies decide where to drill new wells or make it easier for insurers to assess the risk of costly floods and fires£®
     Sentinel-la£¬which will operate with a second satellite£¬Sentinel-1b£¬to be launched next year£¬has high-tech instrurnents that will allow it to record radar images of Earth's surface£¬even when the skies are cloudy or dark£®As part of the Copernicus program£¬there will be 17 launches over the next decade£®
61£®For what purpose was the Sentinel-la satellite sent up into space£¿A
A£®To improve observation of the earth£®
B£®To search for some missing planes£®
C£®To download free valuable images£®
D£®To predict floods and earthquakes£®
62£®What do we know about Copernicus Earth observation project£¬C£¿
A£®It can cover every place on Earth at the same time£®
B£®It makes a profit by offering downloaded images£®
C£®It is financed by the European Union and ESA£®
D£ºIt has put two satellites into Earth's orbit successfully£®
63£®According to Volker Liebig£¬the Sentine-la satelliteB£®
A£®can locate the missing Malaysian Airlines jet
B£®has advanced but limited functions
C£®may cause some safety problems
D£®doesn't work on cloudy days or at night
64£®How does the Copernicus project benefit farmers£¿A
A£®By supplying data on soil conditions£®
B£®By calculating the loss of costly floods£®
C£®By drilling oil wells in proper places£®
D£®By controlling the risk of potential fires£®
65£®What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the Sentinel-1a satellite£¿D
A£®Its operation
B£®Its appearance
C£®Its instruments
D£®Its future£®

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