Question

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids' control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extra­curricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小题1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.

A．don't do a very good job on teaching them to walk

B．are to blame if the kids do poorly in school

C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids' success

D．should take part in extra­curricular activities with kids

小题2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.

A．the motivation was suddenly lost

B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone

C．the learning disability was suddenly lost

D．the fire was suddenly gone

小题3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.

A．learning disability	B．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testing	D．extra­curricular activities

小题4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?

A．Punishing kids who don't display ambition.

B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance.

C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.

D．Praising the effort and progress they have made.

Answer 1

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C

试题分析：文章介绍了孩子目标缺失对家长的影响，分析了孩子缺乏目标的原因和怎么树立孩子的目标。
小题1:C 推断题。根据第一段For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.可知，在有目标的孩子家长的带领下，孩子通常表现得非常好。相比之下，没有目标的孩子家长通常会感到很痛苦因为自己的目标总是与孩子的成功紧密相连，故C选项正确
小题2:A 推断题。根据文章第二段的句子，Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure. 可知此处的the fire went out(火熄灭）指的是目标突然缺失的情况 故A正确
小题3:D 细节题。根据文章第二段的句子：Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“可知AB是对的，从第三段的句子：Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.可知C是对的，但是全文并未提及参加课外活动会导致目标突然丧失，故D选项正确
小题4:C 细节题。根据文章第二段的描述Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”可知，家长最重要的是应告诉孩子错误也是学习的一部分少，故C正确