Question

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

　　 1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?

　　　　  A. To make jobs more varied.

　　　　  B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.

　　　　  C. Degree of work contribution.

　　　　  D. Demands for longer working hours.

　　 2. Why do workers want more money?

　　　　  A. Because their jobs are too boring.

　　　　  B. In order to enjoy more spare time.

　　　　  C. To make their jobs more interesting.

　　　　  D. To demand shorter working hours.

　　 3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting——.

　　　　  A. they will want more money

　　　　  B. they will demand shorter working hours

　　　　  C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors

　　　　  D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them

　　 4. In this passage, the author tells us——.

　　　　  A. how to make the workers more productive

　　　　  B. possible factors leading to greater efficiency

　　　　  C. to what extent more money leads to greater productivity

　　　　  D. how to make workers' jobs more interesting

 

Answer 1

答案：D;A;D;B
解析：

1．D。细节题。第一段第二句提出的make job varied是一个因素；第二段首句提的giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way也是一个因素；第二段第四句提出的how much each worker contributes to the product he is making又是一个因素，本文没有提及选项D的内容。根据题意，选D。     2．A。细节题。本文最后一段第三句所讲的原因与选项A一致，其他选项错误。     3．D。细节题。最后一句明确指出，如果对工作有兴趣，增加工资或缩短工时对工人来说就不那么重要了。     4．B。主旨题。本文围绕如何使工人发挥出更大生产力讲了几个因素。选项B正确。选项A似乎也正确，但本题主要强调内容，所以它不如选项B合适。选项C和D过于强调细节。

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