Question

7．At first，the earth's surface layer （层） was made up of huge blocks of hard，solid rocks．Then slowly，the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces．Finally stones，pebbles （卵石） and grains of sand were formed．Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth．Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．The outmost layer of the earth is soil．
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones．Wind，water，heat and cold help to break up rocks．When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time，the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away．These leave holes and cracks in the rock，which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces．
The moving water of streams and rivers also helps to break up rocks．As the water moves along，it carries with it small pieces of rock．These rub the larger ones．Thus，the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces．
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks．When the sun shines，the rocks become very hot．If these rocks are suddenly cooled，they may crack．Ice also plays a part in making soil．Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather．As this happens，it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider，and finally break into smaller pieces．
61．According to the passage，soilA．
A．forms very slowly              
B．is a mixture of stones，pebbles and sand
C．makes up the layers of the earth     
D．is becoming smaller and smaller
62．How many factors are mentioned in helping break up rocks？B
A．Three．B．Four．C．Five．D．More than five．
63．Which of the following speeds up（加速） the breaks of rocks most？C
A．Hot weather．
B．Cold water．
C．Sharp changes in temperature．
D．More dead plants in the cracks．
64．Which of the following is NOT true？B
A．The remains of many plants and animals formed soil．
B．If a large rock never moves，it will never break up．
C．Even if a large rock never moves，it will break up．
D．Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks．
65．The best title for this passage should beA．
A．Soil From Rocks              
B．Ways to Break up Rocks
C．Soil on the Earth              
D．Soil，Outmost Layer of the Earth．

Answer 1

分析 文章主要讲述大块岩石经过风化分解而最终形成土壤的过程．

解答 61．A   细节理解题．第一段详细描述了土壤的形成过程Then slowly，the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces．Finally stones，pebbles （卵石） and grains of sand were formed．Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth．Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．The outmost layer of the earth is soil．，大意为"起初，地球表层由大块坚硬的岩石组成，然后，这些大块岩石分裂成小块砾石，千百年来这些砾石与生物的遗体混合，最后形成了土壤"，由此可知土壤的形成过程特别漫长．故正确答案为A．
62．B   细节理解题．根据文章第二段Wind，water，heat and cold help to break up rocks．可知帮助土壤形成的因素有4个，故选B．
63．C  细节理解题．由最后一段第二、三句"When the sun shines，the rock become very hot．If these rocks are suddenly cooled，they may crack．"可知，气温骤变最可有效促使岩石风化．故正确答案为C．
64．B  细节理解题．A项，由第一段倒数第二句"Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．"可知A项所述与原文匹配，所以A项不符合题干要求．B、C项，文中列举的各种风化，都未提到岩石移动，所以B项与原文描述不符，符合题干要求；C项与原文匹配，所以C项不符合题干要求．D项，由最后一段最后两句"Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather．As this happens，it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider，and finally break up into smaller pieces．"可知，冰能促使岩石风化分解，所以D项所述与原文匹配，所以D项不符合题干要求．故正确答案为B．
65．A  主旨大意题．通读全文可知，文章主要讲述大块岩石经过风化分解而最终形成土壤的过程，所以A项正确．B项，"分解岩石的方法"，无法与本文关键词 soil 联系起来，所以B项错误．C项，"地球上的土壤"，与文章主要内容不符，所以C项错误．D项，"土壤，地球最外层"，与文章主要内容不符，所以D项错误．故正确答案为A．

点评 本文是科教类阅读理解．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据