Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I am working harder than ever.” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday（but only on Friday）.This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（心境，士气）. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
【小题1】David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because .
| A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt |
| B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance |
| C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time |
| D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes |
| A．they make him feel at ease when working |
| B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes |
| C．he looks handsome in casual clothes |
| D．he no longer works for any company |
| A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code. |
| B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. |
| C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. |
| D．All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear. |
| A．Company workers started to dress down about fifty years ago. |
| B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 90s. |
| C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. |
| D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people. |
| A．saving employees’ money |
| B．making employees more attractive |
| C．improving employees’ motivation |
| D．making employees happier |
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
解析试题分析：本文讲述的是在西方国家的公司里越来越多的工作人员都传休闲服工作，文章解释了具体的原因和这样做的好处。
【小题1】C 推理题。根据文章第一段“I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.”可知他带了另外一套衣服，防止这一套有皱纹，就患上另外一套，说明他希望自己的穿着很整洁。故C正确。
【小题2】A 细节题。根据第一段3,4行He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”可知穿休闲服装让他更舒服，很随意。故A正确。
【小题3】D 推理题。根据文章第二段第一句Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes?可知很多公司都允许工人穿休闲服。但是并没有说所有的公司都是支持这样做的。故D项内容不准确。
【小题4】C 推理题。根据“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.说明这种做法是的得到老板的支持和同意的。故C正确。
【小题5】B 细节题。根据文章最后一段Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes.和Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money.可知ACD三项都是文章中所提及的穿休闲装的优势：省钱，使员工更快乐，提高员工的动力，没有说使职员更加漂亮，故B正确。
考点：考查社会现象类短文阅读
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Cities with high levels of homeownership—in the range of 75%, like Detroit and St. Louis—had on average considerably lower levels of economic activity and much lower wages and incomes. Far too many people in financial problems are trapped in homes they can’t sell, unable to move on to new centers of opportunity.
The cities and regions with the lowest levels of homeownership—in the range of 55% to 60% like Los Angeles and New York—had healthier economies and higher incomes. They also had higher levels of happiness and well-being.
I was shocked to read these interesting points that Richard Florida made in his recent article. Let me try to understand. The people in Detroit and St. Louis are less happy than the people in New York, and Los Angeles. And, the reason is because of homeownership rates?
First, to compare them to New York City (the economic capital of the world), Los Angeles (the entertainment capital of the world) seems unfair. Most people in almost any other city in the world might be less happy!
Next, let’s try a different way of determining whether renters are happier than homeowners. Why don’t we ask them? Fannie Mae’s National Housing Survey 2010 reported:
75% of current renters believe owning a home makes more sense.
67% plan to buy a home at some point in the future.
When they asked current renters for the major reason to buy a house, these were their answers (they could pick several answers):
78% said it was a good place to raise children.
75% said because they would feel safe.
70% said because you have control of your own space.
If you believe renters are happier, you would also have to believe the majority enjoy living in a less safe environment, which wouldn’t be a good place to raise children and would be a place where they have less control of their space.
【小题1】Which of the following is a fact?
| A．People in Los Angeles earn high incomes because of its low homeownership rate. |
| B．New York’s low homeownership rate increases people’s happiness levels. |
| C．Detroit’s high level of homeownership causes its economic problems. |
| D．St. Louis has a higher level of homeownership than Los Angeles. |
| A．people in Los Angeles are happier than those in St. Louis |
| B．renting a house is better than owning a house |
| C．Detroit’s economy is healthier than New York’s economy |
| D．New York and Los Angeles are happiest cities |
| A．pay employees highest wages in America |
| B．benefit from low levels of homeownership |
| C．are leading cities across the globe |
| D．are best American cities to live in |
| A．paying rent makes more sense |
| B．most homeowners plan to sell their houses |
| C．most renters prefer to become homeowners |
| D．parents need to buy a house for their children |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious （叛逆的） and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall, “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”
【小题1】What is the popularly- held image of teenagers?
| A．They worry about their school life. |
| B．They live in harmony with their parents. |
| C．They have to be locked in to avoid making troubles. |
| D．They quarrel a lot with their parents. |
| A．share family responsibility | B．cause trouble in their families |
| C．go boating with their family | D．make family decisions |
| A．go to clubs more often with their children |
| B．are much stricter with their children |
| C．care less about their children’s life |
| D．give their children more freedom |
| A．may be a false belief | B．is common nowadays |
| C．is based on real facts | D．resulted from changes in families |
| A．Negotiation in family. | B．Education in family. |
| C．Harmony in family. | D．Teenage trouble in family. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
How Many Lies Do the Children Tell You?
Mothers who feel their children don' t appreciate them can add another grievance to the list: half the time, their children are lying to them. A study designed to expose the truth about lying shows that undergraduates lie to their mothers in 46% of their conversations. Still, mums should feel better than total strangers, who are told lies an astonishing 77 % of the time.
Bella Depaulo and a team of psychologists from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, asked 77 undergraduates to keep a record of all their conversations for a week, and write down whether they lied at any time. DePaulo named lying broadly, as "when you intentionally try to mislead someone", so she would catch the smallest of lies.
The students told an average of two lies a day. They said they had been studying when they had been out drinking. One told his parents that a textbook cost $50 rather than $20 so that they would send him extra money. Female students constantly told their plain-looking roommates that they were pretty. "They are everyday lies," says DePaulo.
DePaulo and her colleagues conclude that people tend to tell fewer lies to those they feel closest to. College students lied to their best friends 28% of the time but lied to acquaintances 48% of the time. In close relationships, people were more likely to tell "kind-hearted" lies, designed to protect feelings, rather than self-serving lies.
Romantic（浪漫的）partners lie somewhere between close friends and acquaintances. Students lied to romantic partners about a third of the time. DePaulo thinks that unmarried lovers can expect less honesty than best friends because of the insecurity that comes with romance.
Mothers can take heart from one other finding. They may have been lied to, but at least their children talked to them. The students were recorded telling few lies to their fathers because they had little interaction with them.
【小题1】What is the meaning of the underlined word "grievance" in Paragraph 1?
| A．opinion. | B．complaint. | C．belief. | D．difficulty. |
| A．mothers | B．best friends |
| C．acquaintances | D．romantic partners |
| A．get money from them | B．offer them the services |
| C．gain more security | D．make them happy |
| A．To present a fact. | B．To argue an idea. |
| C．To tell a story. | D．To explain a theory. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In every British town, large and small, you will find shops that sell second-hand goods. Sometimes such shops deal mostly in furniture, sometimes in books, sometimes in ornaments and household goods, sometimes even in clothes.
The furniture may often be “antique”, and it may well have changed hands many times. It may also be very valuable, although the most valuable piece will usually go to the London salerooms, where one piece might well be sold for hundreds of thousands of pounds. As you look around these shops and see the polished wood of chests and tables, you cannot help thinking of those long-dead hands which polished that wood, of those now-closed eyes which once looked at these pieces with love.
The books, too, may be antique and very precious; some may be rare first printings. Often when someone dies or has to move house, his books may all be sold, so that sometimes you may find whole libraries in one shop. On the border between England and Wales, there is a town which has become a huge bookshop as well.Even the cinema and castle have been taken over, and now books have replaced sheep as the town’s main trsde.
There are also much more humble shops, sometimes simply called “junk shops”, where you can buy small household pieces very cheaply. Sometimes the profits from these shops go to charity. Even these pieces, though, can make you feel sad; you think of those people who once treasured them, but who have moved on, to another country or to death.
Although the British do not worship their ancestors, they do treasure the past and the things of the past. This is true of houses as well. These days no one knocks them down; they are restored until they are often better than new. In Britain, people do not buy something just because it is new. Old things are treasured for their proven worth; new things have to prove themselves before they are accepted.
【小题1】Books found in second-hand book shops may _____.
| A．be copies of the earliest printing | B．be on sale for the first time |
| C．never be worth very much | D．never be rare |
| A．they are too expensive for average buyers |
| B．they remind you of the original owner |
| C．they are now neglected |
| D．they are sold for charity |
| A．invention | B．possession | C．material | D．relic |
| A．do not respect old things because they are not fashionable |
| B．like to build new houses simply because it is fashionable to do so |
| C．like to buy new things because they are fashionable |
| D．do not like to buy things simply because they are fashionable |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
“A very disruptive(调皮捣蛋的) six-year-old child kicked my legs and clawed at my hand,” said one teacher. “ I broke up a fight and was kicked between my legs,” said another. Many people have heard stories like this. But the situation is more worrying still and it involves parents.
Every child, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, has the right to achieve their potential, regardless of their parents’ wealth and class. And we recognize that, as a nation, it is a long way to achieve this goal. But with rights come responsibilities and what worries people is that we are in danger of ignoring the latter.
Far too many children are behaving badly at school, even to the point of being violent to staff. This is terrible enough, but it is hard to be surprised since many children are just mirroring the behaviour of their parents.
My members tell me that parents also come into school often and threaten staff and some staff have been attacked by a pupil’s parents. One father encouraged his child to start a fight on the playground before school started. A primary teacher reported that a parent shouted at him. We need to have a serious and sensible debate about the roles and responsibilities of parents and the support that they can reasonably expect of schools and teachers.
Children will not learn how to behave as social beings if they are stuck in front of the TV for hours every day. They need their parents to show an interest in them and to spend time with them, helping them to play with their peers(同龄人) and to learn the rules of social behavior.
Children are now arriving at school socially undeveloped, increasingly unable to dress themselves, unable to use the toilet properly, unable to hold a knife and fork and unused to eating at a table, Mary Bousted, general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, writes in today’s Observer. Instead of taking responsibility themselves, too many parents expect teachers to control their children’s behaviour and wellbeing, she adds. Bousted says one mother blamed staff when she discovered that her 16-year-old son was smoking.
We are in danger of becoming a nation of families living separate lives under one roof. The bedroom, once a place to sleep, has become the living space for the young. Spending hours in front of computer screens, on social networking sites or being immersed(沉迷于) in computer games, children and young people spend little time with their parents. Parents are unable to monitor just what their children are watching.
Schools cannot right the wrongs of society and teachers cannot become substitute parents. Both parties need to work together. Parents must be helped and given confidence to take back control. They are responsible for setting boundaries for their children's behaviour and sticking to those boundaries. They are responsible for setting a good example to their children and for devoting that most precious of resources — time — so that children come to school ready and willing to learn.
【小题1】In the opinion of the writer, what problem do people ignore?
| A．The violence in the school |
| B．The study pressure of students. |
| C．The responsibilities of the students |
| D．The right to achieve students’ potential. |
| A．parents care little about children’s life at home |
| B．parents and children live in their separate rooms |
| C．children don’t live with their parents in the same house |
| D．children live a different life from that of parents at home |
| A．dissatisfied | B．indifferent |
| C．understanding | D．tolerant |
| A．teachers have no responsibility for playing the role of parents |
| B．schools can’t correct the wrongs that society does to teachers |
| C．students are responsible for making themselves known in society |
| D．parents should spend time with children to make them ready to learn |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Many drivers say the large digital billboards flashing ads every few seconds along Bay Area freeways are just too bright and too distracting. And they may be right.
A Swedish study published in the journal Traffic Injury Prevention concludes that digital billboards hold the gazes of drivers longer than two seconds. Previous studies have shown that anything that takes a driver’s eyes off the road for that length of time increases the risks of a crash. “This study proves what is common sense when it comes to digital billboards,” says Mary Tracy, president of Scenic America, a national nonprofit group that seeks to limit billboards. “Bright, constantly changing signs on the sides of roads are meant to attract and keep the attention of drivers, and this study confirms that this is exactly what they do.”
The Federal Highway Administration allowed digital signs for the first time in 2007 after concluding they did not pose a significant danger. But a follow-up report is pending (待定的) and could be released this year. California has no law banning the billboards, and is one of 39 states that allows them. “We would need to review more research, so it’s too early to call for a ban,” says Jonathan Adkins, executive director of the Governors Highway Safety Association. “There is a role for digital messaging, such as conveying urgent information and other safety messages.”
There are more than 1,800 digital billboards nationwide, more than double the number five years ago. While no data indicate an increase in accidents due to the Bay Area signs, many drivers are opposed to them.
“Monstrosities” is what Merlin Dorfman of San Jose calls them, while insurance agent David Whitlock says he has found them a major distraction. “They’re much too bright at night,” he says. “When the advertisement switches from a bright color to a darker one, your eyes cannot adjust fast enough, and you end up losing sight of the roadway.”
Officials with sign companies could not be reached for comment, but Bryan Parker, an executive vice president for Clear Channel Outdoor, told USA Today last year that “there’s no doubt in my mind that they are not a driving distraction.”
【小题1】Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The brightness of digital billboards is harmful to people’s eyes. |
| B．The Federal Highway Administration banned digital signs in 2013. |
| C．There is evidence indicating an increase in accidents duo to digital billboards. |
| D．Digital billboards are used to convey messages. |
| A．Scenic America is an organization that is in favor of digital billboards. |
| B．Drivers in the Bay Area are against the digital billboards. |
| C．California has banned digital billboards. |
| D．There were about 1,800 digital billboards nationwide five years ago. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Indifferent. |
| C．Opposed. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．Studies have shown digital billboards pose a danger to drivers. |
| B．People’s eyes cannot adjust fast enough to the brightness of digital billboards. |
| C．A study says flashing digital billboards are too distracting. |
| D．Experts doubt it is necessary to limit digital billboards. |
| A．international culture | B．traffic and safety |
| C．fashion and travel | D．personal health |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.
Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long hours work culture to make more money is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them. Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year.
One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs, leaving their two children with a nanny. Most evenings Daniel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.
Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wales. “I always wanted to have a farm then,” says Daniel, “and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift. It’s taken some getting used to, but it’s been worth it. We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer have any holidays. However, I think it’s made us stronger as a family, and the children are a lot happier.
Liz, however, is not quite sure. “I used to enjoy my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I’m not really a country girl, but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to looking after the animals. One thing I do like, though, is being able to see more of my children. My advice for other people wanting to do the same is not to think about it too much or you might not do it at all.”
【小题1】The passage tells us that .
| A．people seldom work long hours to make money |
| B．people hardly buy more things than necessary |
| C．people are sure everything they own is in the right place |
| D．people realize there is more to life than just making money |
| A．lived in central London | B．disliked his job |
| C．missed his children | D．was well paid |
| A．was easy to organize | B．has improved family life |
| C．was extremely expensive | D．has been a total success |
| A．People work long hours to earn their living. |
| B．To make more money through hard work is the aim of people's life. |
| C．Long hours of hard work occupy too much of people's life. |
| D．People spent too much time and money eating meals. |
| A．repairing your car by yourself |
| B．spending money carefully |
| C．moving out to the countryside to live a simpler and better life |
| D．living in a big house in the suburbs and dining out once a week |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Everyone has talent, but not everyone succeeds with their talent. More factors than mere talent attribute to a greater personal success. Having talent or being talented is never enough to find success in life.
Dr. John Maxwell has written a new book to explain that there is more to success than just being talented. He says that the only way to find success in life is to apply good choices to talent and rise above the crowd. He believes that talented people need more than their gifts or abilities to succeed in life. There must be something more than just talent to become successful. A talent-plus person, a person who rises above the understanding of mere talent, is much more likely to find success than those with just talent alone.
People who have talent must be willing to make the right choices to maximize their talent. Wrong choices will minimize their talent, preventing them from rising to higher levels in life. Maximizing talent requires people to make good choices, but understanding that there are specific things in life requires no talent at all. Maxwell lists many different choices that people make to become a talent-plus persons including Belief lifts talent, Relationships influence talent, Responsibility strengthens talent, Teamwork multiplies talent, etc.
Following the simple principles found in the book can not only help people raise the level of their talent but also raise their level of living. When people combine the principles with their talents they can become a talent-plus person. The choice becomes one of willingness and personal change. Talent-plus people have the ability to change their life and the world.
【小题1】What’s the possible name of Maxwell’s new book?
(no more than 8 words)
【小题2】What should one do if he wants to become a talent-plus person?
(no more than 8 words)
【小题3】List three specific things which can maximize one’s talent according to Paragraph 3 ?
(no more than 5 words)
【小题4】What does the underlined word “maximize” in Paragraph 3 mean in English?
(no more than 8 words)
【小题5】Do you want to be a talent-plus person? Why or why not? Please give one or two reasons.
(No more than 25 words)
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