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    9．What makes us happy？
    There has long been a opinion that money buys happiness．However，although"we really，really tried that for a couple of generations，it didn't work，"said Francine Jay，author of The Joy of Less，A Minimalist Living Guide：How to Declutter，Organize，and Simplify Your Life．
    Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation （启发），Jay has been happily living a simpler life for 12years．"I always packed as lightly as possible，and found it exhilarating （令人高兴的）to get by with just a small carry-on bag，"she told CNN．"I thought if it feels this great to travel lightly，how amazing would it be to live this way？I wanted to have that same feeling of freedom in my everyday life．"
    Jay decided to get rid of all her excess （额外的）possessions and live with just the essentials．"I wanted to spend my time and energy on experiences，rather than things．"
    Jay is a follower of a movement called"minimalism （极简主义）"．Growing numbers of people have been attracted to this lifestyle all over the world．They share the same feeling of disappointment with modern life and a desire to live more simply．Minimalists are typically progressive and concerned about the environment，Leah Watkins，a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand，told Stuff magazine in March．
    But many simply experienced unhappiness caused by owning too many possessions．Depression with the materialism of our world isn't new．English romantic poet William Wordsworth summed up how dispiriting this was back in 1802，at the beginning of the industrial age，when he wrote："Getting and spending，we lay waste our powers"．His preference was to go back to nature．Closer to our owntimes，the hippies （嬉皮士）of the 1960s also sought to"drop out"of modern life．
    And for many minimalists，their key is to unload．Without objects，they"believe people are forced more and more into the present moment and that's where life happens，"wrote Stuff．But does simplicity ever feel like a sacrifice？
    "It's eliminating the excess 一 unused items，unnecessary purchases 一 from your life．Well，I may have fewer possessions，but I have more space…Minimalism is making room for what matters most，"said Jay．
    And"the real questions"，according to Duane Elgin，US social scientist，are"what do you care about？"and"What do you value？"
    He told CNN："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension．It's about how we touch the whole world．It's a way of life．"

    51．What inspired Francine Jay to live a simple life？C
    A．A book she came across．
    B．A follower of minimalism she met on a trip．
    C．The pleasure she enjoyed from traveling lightly．
    D．Her desire to keep up with modern life．
    52．According to Leah Watkins，a typical minimalist tends toB．
    a．be fed up with materialism
    b．like saving and visiting nature often
    c．be disappointed with his or her current life
    d．be environmentally friendly and live with fewer things
    A．a，b  B．a，d  C．a，b，c  D．b．c，d
    53．The underlined word"eliminating"in the second-to-last paragraph probably meansA．
    A．removing B．distinguishingC．acceptingD．improving
    54．Which of the following would Duane Elgin probably agree withD？
    A．Minimalism is a healthy lifestyle that is in conflict with modern life．
    B．Minimalism means people have to sacrifice some pleasure to live simply．
    C．Minimalism limits people's freedom to enjoy their lives to the fullest．
    D．Minimalism enables people to reflect on what truly counts in their lives．
    55．What was the author's main purpose in writing the text？C
    A．To argue whether money buys happiness．
    B．To recommend one of Francine Jay's books．
    C．To explore the trend of minimalism．
    D．To give tips on how to lead a happy life．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了探讨极简主义思潮，极简主义使人们能够反思他们生活中真正重要的东西．

    解答 51．C．细节理解题．根据第二段Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation （启发），Jay has been happily living a simpler life for 12years可知轻松地享受旅行的乐趣激发了Francine Jay过着简朴的生活；故选C．
    52．B．细节理解题．根据第四段Minimalists are typically progressive and concerned about the environment，Leah Watkins，a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand，told Stuff magazine in March可知典型的极简主义倾向于讨厌唯物主义，行为环境友好；故选B．
    53．A．词义猜测题．根据文章It's eliminating the excess 一 unused items，unnecessary purchases 一 from your life可知这是消除多余的一闲置物品，不必要的采购一从你的生活；意为去除；故选A．
    54．D．推理判断题．根据最后一段："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension可知极简主义使人们能够反思他们生活中真正重要的东西；故选D．
    55．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension可知作者写文章的主要目的是探讨极简主义思潮；故选C．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    Not everyone experiences anger in the same way； what angers one person may amuse another．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially har mful to be tolerated．We no longer regard duels（决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another．
    Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas．Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and．as a res ult of this，we're likely to react．And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．
    Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious．But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are．the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger．This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称 ） of EEG activity．Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation．
    62．The"duels"example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger．C
    A．usually has a biological basis        
    B．varies among people
    C．is socially and culturally shaped       
    D．influences one's thinking and evaluation
    63．What changes can be found in an angry brain？B
    A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted．
    B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas．
    C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour．
    D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition．
    64．Which of the foll owing is typical of offensive anger？A
    A．Approaching the source of anger．
    B．Trying to control what is disliked．
    C．Moving away from what is disliked．
    D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger．
    65．What is the key message of the last paragraph？D
    A．How anger differs from other emotions．
    B．How anger relates to other emotions．
    C．Behavioural responses to anger．
    D．Behavioural patterns of anger．

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    4．众所周知，上海大剧院坐落于人民广场西北侧．（locate）As is known to all，the Shanghai Grand Theater is located on the northwest side of the people's Square．．

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