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    7．The Cost of Higher Education
    Individuals （个人） should pay for their higher education．
    A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual．Graduates earn more than non-graduates．Meanwhile，social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree．However，only some people have it．So the individual，not the taxpayers，should pay for it．There are pressing calls on the resources （资源） of the government．Using taxpayers'money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them．
    Full government funding （资助） is not very good for universities．Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees．He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford，where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government．Guaranteed salaries，Smith argued，were the enemy of hard work； and when the academics were lazy and incompetent，the students were similarly lazy．
    If students have to pay for their education，they not only work harder，but also demand more from their teachers．And their teachers have to keep them satisfied．If that means taking teaching seriously，and giving less time to their own res earch interests，that is surely something to celebrate．
    Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy （经济）．Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest （投资） and create jobs．If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive，you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs．Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest．Therefore，it is the individual，not the government，who should pay for their university education．

    68．The underlined word"them"in Paragraph 2 refers toB
    A．taxpayers
    B．pressing calls
    C．college graduates
    D．government resources
    69．The author thinks that with full government fundingD
    A．teachers are less satisfied
    B．students are more demanding
    C．students will become more competent
    D．teachers will spend less time on teaching
    70．The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order toA
    A．argue against free university education
    B．call on them to finance students'studies
    C．encourage graduates to go into business
    D．show their contribution to higher education．

    分析 本文是说明文，主要讲述的是高等教育成本，个人必须为其接受的高等教育付费，大学毕业生收入比非大学毕业生高．同时，社会流动更依赖于学历．然而只有一些人拥有学历．因此并非纳税人，而是个人必须为此付费． 有保障的薪酬是辛勤工作的宿敌，当教师变得懒惰与无能，学生也会同样懒惰． 如果学生必须为其所受教育付费，他们不仅会更加努力地学习，还会希望从老师那里获取更多．而且他们的老师必须使他们满意．那意味着认真治学，且没有太多时间让他们从事为自己的利益进行的研究．

    解答 12．B   词意猜测题．根据本句中"There are pressing calls on the resources （资源） of the government．Using taxpayers'money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them．"可知，很多地方迫切需要政府资源．用纳税人的钱来帮助少数人在未来获取高收入并非其中（迫切需要的政府资源）之一．故选B．
    13．D   细节理解题．根据题干关键词"full government funding"定位原文，根据第二段"Full government funding （资助） is not very good for universities…．and when the academics were lazy and incompetent，the students were similarly lazy．""lazy"转换成"spend less time"故选D．
    14．A   推理判断题．根据第四段"Many people believe that higher education should be free…"可知，作者用来支持支持自己的论点（个人必须为其接受的高等教育付费），也就是要反对free higher education．

    点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．

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