As skies are filled with millions of migrating (迁徙) birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, the better it flies.
The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics (空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight.
For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance:5 000 kilometers.
Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird's air stream.
Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14. 5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.
The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.
In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated (模拟的)flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds' bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.
(1) A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh _______ before making its nonstop migrating flight.
[ ]
A．50 grams
B．100 grams
C．150 grams
D．200 grams
(2) During their migrating flight, red knot wading birds can save energy by flying________.
[ ]
A．separately
B．alone
C．in groups
D．in pairs
(3) A _______ red knot wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.
[ ]
A．stronger
B．weaker
C．thinner
D．fatter
(4) The best title for this passage may probably be________.
[ ]
A．Birds Thin Down For Journey
B．Birds Fatten Up For Journey
C．How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey
D．How Birds Burn Energy For Journey
|
(1) 文章第三段第二句“Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight... ”可得出答案。(2) 由文章第五段第一句话“成群飞行时的心率要比单独飞行时低14. 5个百分点”可知，成群飞行能节省能量。(3) 因为A、C选项是两个并存的条件，故都不能选，根据题意只能选D。(4) 文章的第一段最后一句话点出了文章的主旨。“The fatter the bird, the better it flies. ” |
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Starry Night
Have you ever seen a real night sky that looks like Van Gogh’s Starry Night? I hope not! So, why would an artist paint the sky this way? Perhaps I can answer that with another question. When you’re happy, why do you sing instead of speaking? Or when you’re in love, why do you speak of roses and honey? When we do these things, we, too are artists. We’re using something that goes beyond a mere scientific description in order to communicate our feelings more powerfully than straightforward words can. So consider for a moment that Van Gogh might not have been hallucinating (产生幻觉的) on the night he painted this. Maybe he felt something so powerful that he had to go beyond the familiar to express it.
I hope I’m reminding you of something you already know as I describe the experience of being outside at night under a crystal clear sky that makes everything seem clean and refreshing. So you look up. And suddenly you see the sky that you’ve seldom seen before. It’s not just the same old dark night sky tonight. Instead, the blackness is a deep, rich blue that is more bottomless than any ocean. The stars are not spots of light but brilliant, magical diamonds that dance like tiny angels. In just this special moment, the sky is somehow alive, and it seems to speak to you silently about the meaning of infinity (无限).
Now look at the painting again. Can you see something of what makes this such a famous and well-loved image? But there’s more here than that. Van Gogh painted this while he was quite struck down by a mental disease. It is natural to imagine that he frequently battled the fear that he would never escape his prison to true freedom. It is natural for us to imagine this because each of us has faced our own personal prison, whether it be disease, the loss of a loved one, serious financial problems … In such moments it is tempting to give up to despair (绝望) and collapse in hopelessness.
Looking at this painting, I imagine Van Gogh in just such a moment of despair, when he is struck by the memory of one of those amazing night skies. He recalls the sense that he is not alone, that there is a living, infinite world with rich colorful creatures and scenes all around.
And so the sky flows across the canvas (画布) full of vitality (活力) and power. The stars don’t just sparkle; they explode. Looking closer, we notice that the earth itself seems to respond to the movement in the sky, forming its own living waves in the mountain and rolling trees. In the sleepy village, the windows of the houses glow (发光) with the same light that brightens the universe. The giant trees at the left seem to capture the joy by stretching upwards toward the sky.
What a tremendous message of hope there is in this masterpiece! Even if our troubles persist, the world around us assures us that life is worth living. That’s what the angels sing about. Doesn’t it make you want to sing, too?
72. Looking at the painting Starry Night, we can see all the following except________.
A. the sparkling stars B. the giant trees
C. the sleepy village D. The singing angels
73. Van Gogh does NOT describe a feeling of _______ through the Starry Night.
A. happiness B. vitality C. power D. despair
74. The underlined word “prison” in the 3rd paragraph probably means _______.
A. mental illness B. trouble in one’s life
C. control from the authority D. a place where criminals are kept
75. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To tell us how to appreciate the Starry Night.
B. To explain how Van Gogh painted the Starry Night.
C. To prove Van Gogh was in a hallucinating state of mind while painting the picture.
D. To show us the beauty of the sky on a starry night.
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