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    Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination and physical, cognitive (认知的), and emotional strength. Play is important to healthy brain development. Play allows children to create and explore a world they can master, conquering their fears while practicing adult roles. Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.
    Ideally, much of play involves adults, but when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (顺从) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills. In contrast to passive entertainment, play builds active, healthy bodies. In fact, it has been suggested that encouraging unstructured play may be an exceptional way to increase physical activity levels in children, which is one important strategy in the resolution of the obesity problem.
    Children’s development is critically influenced by appropriate, affective relationships with loving and consistent caregivers as they relate to children through play. When parents observe their children in play or join with them in child-driven play, they are given a unique opportunity to see the world from their children’s vantage point as the child navigates a world perfectly created just to fit his or her needs. The interactions that occur through play tell children that parents are fully paying attention to them and help to build enduring relationships. Parents who have the opportunity to look at their children’s world learn to communicate more effectively with their children and are given another setting to offer guidance. Less verbal children may be able to express their views, giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective. Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.
    Play is essential to the academic environment. It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development. It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and even to strengthen children’s learning willingness. Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning; it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others. Play and unscheduled time that allow for peer interactions are important components of social-emotional learning.
    小题1:Compared with undirected play, play which is controlled by adults ________.
    A．doesn’t benefit the children at all
    B．doesn’t help develop leadership and group skills
    C．makes children become more active
    D．helps increase physical activity levels
    小题2:The third paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
    A．play offers parents a good chance to establish good relationships with children
    B．children’s development is greatly influenced by relationships with parents
    C．play helps children better express their views
    D．play offers parents a unique opportunity to see the world from a different perspective
    小题3:From the last paragraph, we know that ________.
    A．play can’t help children become adapted to the school setting
    B．play makes social-emotional learning and academic learning separated
    C．play is beneficial to social-emotional learning as well as academic learning
    D．it is necessary to strengthen children’s academic development at the expense of others
    小题4:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    A．Undirected play can help children develop team spirit.
    B．Play can improve children’s willingness to learn.
    C．Play helps adults gain a better understanding of the children’s thoughts.
    D．Adults shouldn’t be involved in children’s play.

    小题1:B
    小题2:A
    小题3:C
    小题4:D

    试题分析：本文介绍了游戏玩耍在孩子的各项能力的发展培养中很重要，它既可以帮助父母了解孩子的世界，与孩子建立良好关系，还可以提高孩子的社会情感学习能力和学术学习能力。
    小题1:细节题，根据第二段中“when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (顺从) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills”当游戏是由成年人控制的时候，孩子们会顺从大人的规则和关注点，失去了一部分游戏给他们带来的益处，特别是创造力、领导能力和组织能力的发展。故选B。
    小题2:推理题，根据文章第三段最后一句“ Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.”非常简单，游戏提供给父母一个能够和孩子全心全意一起玩的好机会。根据常理可知以孩子的角度和孩子一起玩可以增加亲子关系。故选A。
    小题3:细节题，根据最后一段中“ It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting”它已经被证明可以帮助孩子适应学校环境，故A错误；根据最后一段中“ Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning;”社会情感学习和学术学习是融合在一起的，可知B错误；根据最后一段中“It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development”它能确保在学校环境中孩子的社会情感发展和他们的认知发展一样好。因此C正确；根据最后一段中“it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others.”如果牺牲其它能力发展来强迫提高孩子的学习能力，这令人感到担忧，由此可知D错误。故选C。
    小题4:细节题，根据第一段中“ Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.”无指导的游戏可以使孩子们学到如何在团队工作、分享、谈判、解决冲突。由此可知A正确；根据最后一段中“ even to strengthen children’s learning willingness”甚至加强孩子学习意愿，因此B正确；根据第三段中“giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective”给他们父母一个机会更全面了解他们的观点，由此可知C正确；阅读文章第三段内容可知家长与孩子在一起玩才能更好地了解孩子的思想，和孩子建立紧密的亲子关系，因此D错误。故选D。
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    B．The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.
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    D．Hereditary diseases and cancer.
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    B．Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
    C．Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.
    D．Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.
    小题3:In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?
    A．Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.
    B．Using gene technology, the scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.
    C．Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.
    D．Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.
    小题4:What is the main purpose of writing this passage?
    A．Expressing the writer’s idea that gene technology will benefit people.
    B．Telling people the disadvantages of gene technology.
    C．Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.
    D．Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.

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