The history of nomenclature (命名) in Britain is so old that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began， people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning， usually descriptive， rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.
These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. The Irish Gaelic people used descriptive nouns and adjectives which were meaningful. Early in prehistory some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names rather than invent new ones for their children.
With the rise of Christianity (基督教)， Christians were encouraged to name their children after the holy people of the church. These early Christian names can be found in many cultures today， in various forms. The pool of names in use in England changed basically after the Norman came in 1066. Then French names of Germanic origin became popular within three generations. As a result names like Emma， Matilda， Richard， and William， became common in English nomenclature. At the same time a few Old English names， like Edward and Alfred remained because they were names of holy people or kings； others were kept because they were used with slight changes by Germanic names from the Normans like Robert.
Surnames developed from bynames， which are additional ones used to differentiate people with the same given name. These bynames fall into particular patterns. These started out as specific to a person and were taken down from father to son between the twelfth and sixteenth century. The noble usually used taken-down surnames early or the peasants did so later.
1.We can infer from the text that .
A.the first given names had not any actual meanings
B.people probably had names when there was no written language
C.the history of nomenclature is shorter than written history
D.names began to be used long after there was written language
2. The underlined word “they” (in Para.3) refers to “ ”.
A.Old English names B.other names
C.names of Germanic origin D.names of holy people
3.According to the text， which of the following statements is TRUE？
A.Robert is a Germanic name from the Normans.
B.Church didn’t encourage nomenclature used in the church.
C.Names like Emma and William were the most popular in 1066.
D.Names like Edward and Alfred were French names of Germanic origin.
4. Give the right order of surname development in history.
(a)People used bynames to differ people with the same given names.
(b)People chose given names from the pool of existing names.
(c)Bynames started out as specific to a person.
(d)Surnames became popular with common people.
(e)Surnames were taken down from father to son in noble families.
A.b-a-e-c-d B.a-b-c-d-e C.a-b-c-e-d D.b-a-c-e-d
5. Which group of words can best describe the development of British nomenclature？
A.Additional， Particular and Various
B.Meaningful， Christian and Foreign
C.Descriptive， Meaningful and Germanic
D.Old English-styled， Christian and Original
科目：高中英语 来源：2011年湖南省、四中）两校高一下学期期末联考英语题 题型：完型填空
Today Mr. Johnson, a member of the International Olympic Committee(国际奥委会), visited a high school in Beijing. He made a speech there. In his 36._____, he talked about the history and significance of 37._____. He described the 38._____ Olympic Games. He said that athletes at the ancient games could only be men who spoke Greek, 39._____ today, both men and 40._____from around the world can compete. The modern games, first held in 1896, were designed (设计) to make it possible for countries and people to live 41._____ together.
Mr. Johnson also talked about some famous 42._____. One example is Michael Jordan who 43._____ his second Olympic gold medal after a long break. He 44._____ mentioned (提到) Deng Yaping who won many gold medals. Mr. Johnson 45._____ his speech by wishing the Olympic movement a successful future. The audience really enjoyed his speech.
1. A. speech B. book C. newspaper D. magazine
2. A. Asian Games B. the Olympic Games C. European Games D. African Games
3. A. late B. new C. ancient D. modern
4.A. but B. and C. or D. so
5. A. boys B. teenagers C. adults D. women
6. A. angrily B. quietly C. peacefully D. sadly
7. A. dancers B. actors C. singers D. athletes
8. A. lost B. won C. brought D. missed
9. A. only B. just C. never D. also
10. A. started B. ended C. wrote D. found
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年浙江省六校高三2月联考英语卷 题型：其他题
阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
请阅读某书店各书架的相关信息：
A. Section One: Do-It-Yourself Section -- On these shelves customers can find the latest manuals on how to do everything from building a computer to constructing your own home.
B. Section Two: Sports & Leisure Section --- Stocks a large range of the latest books on your favorite sporting teams and events. Pick up the perfect Father's Day present here.
C. Section Three: Humor Section --- A great selection of joke books, funny stories and wonderful real life adventures that are sure to keep the reader laughing for days.
D. Section Four: Business & Finance --- Students, business people or anyone interested in the world of commerce are certain to find the book they are after here. We have special subsection for international trade and e-commerce.
E. Section Five: Biography --- Find out about the lives of your favorite sports stars, singers, actors and other famous people from today and the past. Learn what they had to go through to become successful and the effect it had on their lives.
F. Section Six: Education --- Has a huge range of textbooks and supplementary material covering all the major high school and university subjects. Buyers showing their student cards receive a 15% discount on all purchases from this section.
阅读下列关于各书籍的信息，匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架：
___1. The Delighted Eye --- by Prof. John Nash --- The 1994 Nobel Prize Winner for Economics, whose ideas have influenced a generation of the world's greatest economic minds, tells his life story: growing up in a small town in America, becoming one of America's most influential mathematicians and his battles with mental illness.
___2. Mother Tongue: The English Language --- by Bill Bryson --- Bryson's book is a journey through the history and different aspects of the English language , one that is both informative and hugely entertaining. As with most of Bryson's books, fun comes before facts and readers will be left with a smile on their faces.
___3. Into Thin Air --- by John Krakauer --- is a riveting first-hand account of a disastrous race to the top of Mount Everest. In March 1996, Outside magazine sent veteran journalist and experienced climber John Krakauer to join the team led by the famous Everest guide Rob Hall. Despite the expertise of Hall and the other leaders, by the end of the race eight people were dead.
___4. Ready Made: How to Make (Almost) Everything --- by Shoshanna Berger and Grace Hawthorne --- beautifully written with great factual information. The theme behind this book is re-use, re-claim, re-cycle and there are many detailed easy-to-do projects for the reader to try such as making a photo frame from a book cover or a pot for your plants from plastic shopping bags.
____5. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron --- by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind --- As the title suggests the authors cover the rise of the American electricity company to become one of the 10 richest companies in the world and its spectacular fall into dishonour and bankruptcy. A perfect guide on what not to do in business.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年济南市高三教学质量调研英语试题（A） 题型：阅读理解
In many cultures white is often associated with something positive. A white-collar job, for instance, is the kind of job many people look for, working with your brain and not your hands.
White has a clean and pure image. That is why
doctors, dentists, and 
nurses usually wear
white uniforms. Babies are dressed in white at baptisms（洗礼）and brides wear white wedding gowns at weddings.
White in these cases is the symbol of innocence or purity.
Sometimes white is used in expressions that are not good. “Whitewash” is one such expression. At first, “whitewash” meant to paint over something with white paint to make it look better. However, it means something different today: to hide or to cover up mistakes or failures.
A “white elephant” is another example of white used in a negative way. In ancient Thailand, a white elephant was regarded as a sacred animal, but it was very expensive to keep. The kings of those days presented a white elephant to the people they wanted to ruin. Once they received this holy, royal animal as a gift, they were not allowed to sell or kill it. Today, a “white elephant” means something that is big, useless, and unwanted. In America, when people want to get rid of their furniture or clothes, they often have a “white elephant sale”.
1.The text is mainly about________.
A. the meanings of white in English culture
B. the history of some English idioms
C. some interesting customs in English culture
D. some useful English words and expressions
2.Which expression has an historical background ?
A. White-wash. B. White-collar.
C. White elephant. D. White elephant sale.
3.In which statement does “white” have a negative meaning?
A. A boy is dressed in white at baptisms.
B. A bride wears a white wedding gown.
C. A man whitewashes his crime.
D. A girl finds a white collar job.
4.From the text we can learn that _______.
A. a white-elephant sale is useful to the poor
B. the white color is important in our daily life
C. a white-collar job used to be easy to get
D. expressions with white have different meanings
5.The author develops the text mainly by ______.
A. analyzing its cause and effect
B. providing typical examples
C. comparing different ideas
D. following the time order
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年山西省高三上学期第二次四校联考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
A “blogger” is a person who writes on an Internet computer Web site called a “blog”. The word “blog” is a short way of saying web log, or personal Web site. Anyone can start a blog, and they can write about anything they like.
There are millions of blogs on the Internet today. They provide news, information and ideas to many people who read them. They contain links to other Web sites. And they provide a place for people to write their ideas and react to the ideas of others.
A research company called Peruse has studied more than 3,000 Web logs. It says that blogs are most popular with teenage girls. They use them to let their friends know what is happening in their lives. The study also says that more than 100,000 bloggers stopped taking part in the activity after a year.
However, some people develop serious blogs to present political and other ideas. For example, the Republican and Democratic parties in the southern state of Kentucky recently started their own blogs. And American companies are beginning to use blogs to advertise their products.
At the same time, some long-standing blogs have ended. Last week, blogging leader Dave Winner closed his free blog service, weblogs.com. He says the site became too costly to continue. He started the blog four years ago, and thousands of people had written on it.
One blog that is still going strong is called Rebecca’s Pocket. It involves much useful information for readers. Rebecca Blood created the Web site in 1999. She wrote about the history of blogs on the site. That article led to a book called “The Weblog Handbook”. It has been translated into four languages so far.
Ms Blood says Rebecca’s Pocket gets about 30,000 visitors a month. She writes about anything and everything----politics, culture and movies. She recently provided medical advice. And she wrote about how to prevent people from stealing money from online bank accounts.
1.The text is written mainly to ____
|
A．introduce an Internet computer Web site called “blog” |
|
B．introduce a way of reading on blogs |
|
C．tell readers about blogs |
|
D．tell readers how to write blogs |
2.From the text we can learn that blogs cover almost everything except __ _.
|
A．different ideas |
|
B．medical advice |
|
C．advertisements |
|
D．account codes |
3.According to this passage , which of the following is NOT true?
|
A．Politicians don’t use blogs at all |
|
B．A lot of bloggers no longer write or read blogs |
|
C．Those who like to use blogs are mostly teenage girls |
|
D．Dave Winer closed his “weblogs.com” because of money shortage |
4. The reason why Rebecca’s Pocket is still going strong is that____
|
A．it was created by a woman |
|
B．it provides plenty of useful information and advice |
|
C．it is about the history of books |
|
D．it has editions in at least four different languages |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010温州中学高二下学期期末考试 题型：阅读理解
Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers (张贴物). Street art has become part of a global visual culture. Now, even art museums and galleries are collecting the works of street artists.
It is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement. This kind of art has developed in many kinds of ways in places all over the world. Also, because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission, street artists usually work secretly. This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But others see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
Many experts say the movement began in New York City in the 1960s. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their “tag” on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name they created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti (涂鸦). It is visually exciting and energetic. Some graffiti paintings were signs marking the territories of city gangs or illegal crime groups.
Graffiti also became a separate movement expressing the street culture of young people living in big cities. Graffiti art represented social and political rebellion (叛逆). This was art that rejected the accepted rules of culture and power. These artists could travel around areas of the city making creative paintings for everyone to see. Sometimes this street art created a conflict between artists and city officials. Graffiti artists created their images and city officials quickly painted over them.
During the 1980s, two New York painters — Keith Haring and Jean Michel began showing their work in art galleries and museums. This is when street art started to become part of the more general popular culture.
1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?
|
A．Street art has become popular and is accepted as a kind of culture. |
|
B．Street art is very special compared with other forms of popular art. |
|
C．Many people are beginning to learn street art. |
|
D．Street art is better developed in big cities than in rural areas. |
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
A．“TAG” was a word created by people to distinguish street artists and the other artists. |
|
B．There are three reasons explaining why it is hard to define the history of street art. |
|
C．The movement of street art began in the 1980s in New York City. |
|
D．All the people don’t think that the street art is a rich form of cultural expression. |
3.The city officials used to get rid of graffiti probably because _____________.
|
A．they caused arguments between people |
B．they were ugly in someone’s eyes |
|
C．they were not painted under proper guidance |
D．they didn’t express traditional culture |
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