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    完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
    阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    Recent studies have shown that children with learning disabilities (LD) often have problems. For many, strong  21 of anger, shame, sadness, or disappointment can 22 psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. These problems can be far more than the  23 challenges themselves.
    Several heading experts in the field of LD have offered suggestions on ways to help 24 children from these problems.
    To be most effective in supporting 25 , it can help to understand some primary  26  for the psychological and emotional challenges they may face.
    First, it is not difficult to see  27  children with LD are at greater risk for developing psychological difficulties if one considers the repeated failure they 28 . Although they make efforts to “try harder,” children with LD may receive little  29  feedback（反馈）. Their academic struggles and failures are often met with 30 by teachers, peers and parents. Such disapproval can take the form of unpleasant labeling（标签）of a child 31“slow,” “lazy” or “dumb.” 32 developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments, children with LD may  33  in disappointment and shame. Low self-esteem and a lack of confidence only  34 prevent learning and academic success.
    The second reason is the 35 difficulties they often experience. Research indicates that as many as 75% of kids with LD have such 36 as making and keeping friends. Children with LD are less 37 and often rejected by their peers. Teachers and other adults also may  38 to have negative views of them. Such social rejection(排斥)can result in  39 of self-esteem and feelings of loneliness, which,   40  may lead to psychological difficulties such as anxiety and depression.
    小题1:
    A．opinionsB．feelingsC．ideas D．attitudes
    小题2: 
    A．cause B．getC．solve D．overcome
    小题3: 
    A．mentalB．physicalC．potentialD．academic
    小题4: 
    A．protectB．preventC．removeD．separate
    小题5: 
    A．expertsB．childrenC．teachersD．parents
    小题6: 
    A．ways B．rules C．reasonsD．directions
    小题7:
    A．whereB．whyC．whichD．when
    小题8: 
    A．practiseB．experienceC．possessD．find
    小题9: 
    A．hopefulB．timelyC．subjective D．positive
    小题10:
    A．sympathyB．courageC．disapprovalD．respect
    小题11:
    A．asB．forC．withD．to
    小题12:
    A．Instead ofB．In favor ofC．Because ofD．In terms of
    小题13:
    A．turn awayB．work outC．break offD．end up
    小题14: 
    A．hardlyB．furtherC．evenD． slightly
    小题15:
    A．generalB．socialC．personalD．cultural
    小题16:
    A．valuesB．mistakesC．chancesD．difficulties
    小题17:
    A．requestedB．controlledC．admittedD．accepted
    小题18:
    A．mean B．tendC．preferD．pretend
    小题19: 
    A．pride B．needC．lossD．awareness
    小题20:
    A．in particularB．in generalC．in totalD．in turn

    小题1:B小题1:A小题1:D小题1:A小题1:B 
    小题1:C小题1:B小题1:B小题1:D小题1:C  
    小题1:A小题1:A小题1:D小题1:B小题1:B  
    小题1:D小题1:D小题1:B小题1:C小题1:D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Many Americans take their summer vacations in August. President Obama and his family are among them. This August the first family visited the Florida Gulf Coast. The president wants to promote tourism in the area after the BP oil spill (漏油). The first family took a ten-day vacation on Martha’s Vineyard, an island off the coast of Massachusetts.
    Martha’s Vineyard is known for the sailing, sunsets and its tall cliffs overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. The island is about 13 kilometers off the coast and is less than 260 square kilometers. Homes designed like those of earlier times line the streets of Edgartown, Oak Bluffs and Vineyard Haven. These are the major towns on Martha’s Vineyard.
    For most of the year, the population of Martha’s Vineyard is about 15 000. In summer, more than 100 000 people crowd the island. In addition to the Obamas, you might see some Hollywood stars and other rich and famous people. Many visitors return year after year.
    During warm weather the Vineyard is a good place for many different activities. People can play golf or catch fish. They can ride in sailboats or motor boats. They can waterski and swim. They can take quiet walks along sandy beaches and among the thick green trees.
    One of the popular places for families with children is the Flying Horses Carousel in Oak Bluffs. It is the oldest continually operated merry-go-round ride in the United States. The colorful wood horses that turn in a circle were created in 1876. One of the best places for children to swim is the Joseph A. Sylvia state beach. The water there is warmer and calmer. Families also enjoy the Felix Neck Wildlife Sanctuary where they can observe much of the island wildlife.
    Visitors watch the sunsets sitting on the beach and on rocks in the fishing village of Menemsha. As the sun goes down in the sky it paints yellow, red, and other colors on the clouds. Fishing boats rise and fall with the waves. Bells sound to help guide the boats to land as darkness covers the water.
    Historians say British mapmaker Bartholomew Gosnold first made a map of the island for the rulers of England in 1602. Gosnold named the island to honor his baby daughter, Martha. The Vineyard part of the name came from the many wild grape vines Gosnold found on the island. Later, King Charles of England gave the island to businessman Thomas Mayhew of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, whose son established the first European settlement on the island in 1642. By the middle of the nineteenth century, ships from the American mainland began bringing visitors to the island. Big hotels were built near the edge of the water. Martha’s Vineyard was on its way to becoming the visitors center that it is today.
    小题1:.
    We can infer that ______.
    A．the BP oil spill has a negative effect on the tourism along the Florida Gulf Coast
    B．the BP oil spill has contributed to the tourism along the Florida Gulf Coast
    C．President Obama went to the Florida Gulf Coast to deal with the BP oil spill
    D．this was the first time that President Obama and his family had taken the vacation on Martha’s Vineyard
    小题2:.
    Which month is the peak time for tourism in Martha’s Vineyard?
    A．January. B．August. C．December. D．March,
    小题3:.
    If children want to see wild animals, the family should go to ______.
    A．the Flying Horses Carousel B．the Sylvia state beach
    C．the fishing village of Menemsha D．the Felix Neck Wildlife Sanctuary
    小题4:.
    Bartholomew Gosnold named the island Martha in honor of _______.
    A．his motherB．the king of England
    C．his daughterD．his father

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    It takes two to duet (二重唱), and one question for scientists is how these coordinated (协调的) performances arise — in birds. Are they the result of cooperation, a way in which one pair signals to others that they’ve got it together? Or are they the result of conflict, evolving to avoid one partner’s song interfering with the other’s?
    A study of duetting in Peruvian warbling antbirds(蚁鸟) suggests that it might be a little of both, and that context is everything. Joseph A. Tobias and Nathalie Seddon of the University of Oxford show in Current Biology that sexual conflict can cause the female of a pair that normally cooperates to “jam” the male’s song by singing over it.
    The researchers exposed antbird pairs to recorded songs of other antbirds and monitored the songs the pairs produced. In one experiment, they played the songs of an intruding pair. In this case, the resident pair “both are likely to lose their territory, so both should cooperate,” Dr. Tobias said. And they do. They produce a coordinated duet that in effect tells the intruders to keep away.
    But when the researchers played the song of a single female, the pair behaved differently. “You’d expect the resident female to be highly motivated to defend her position in the partnership,” Dr. Tobias said. And that’s what occurs. The male sings its heart out, flirting(调情) with the single female, and the female of the pair does its best to interfere with the song by singing over it, apparently to make her mate less attractive to the other female.
    “It’s clear that the male doesn’t like what she’s doing,” Dr. Tobias said. The behavior “breaks up what is otherwise a very cooperative situation into a more complicated signal,” he added.
    It’s the first evidence of this kind of signal jamming among pairs, Dr. Tobias said.
    And in that it leads the male to alter its song to avoid the female’s interfering notes, it shows that this kind of conflict could, over a long period, drive the evolution of coordinated song.
    小题1:
    What is the key factor of antbirds’ duet?
    A．Their cooperation.B．Their conflict.
    C．The context.D．Their instinct.
    小题2:
    How did the researchers conduct the experiment?
    A．They put the antbird pairs back to nature and observe them.
    B．They played different recorded songs of other antbirds.
    C．They put an antbird to the other’s territory and observed.
    D．They played the songs of an intruding pair.
    小题3:
    Why did the female bird sing according to Paragraph 4?
    A．It wanted to show its singing talent to the partner.
    B．It aimed at keeping the partnership with the male.
    C．It wanted to frighten the other females.
    D．It wanted to make her mate more attractive.
    小题4:
    Which of the following is the topic of this passage?
    A．The special phenomenon about birds pairs.
    B．The conflict of bird pairs.
    C．The cooperation of bird pairs.
    D．The piece of music for bird pairs.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    When it comes to protecting the privacy of their children, U.S. parents give social networks a failing grade. According to a recent survey, three out of four parents believe social networks are not doing a good job of protecting kids’ online privacy.
    The survey was conducted for Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization devoted to helping families find the right way to deal withthe world of media and technology.
    Ninety-two percent of parents said they are concerned that children share too much information online, and 85 percent said they are more concerned about online privacy than they were five years ago. In other findings, Common Sense Media found that 68% of parents are not at all confident in search engines keeping their private information safe and secure and 71% of parents said the same about social networking sites.
    The survey found a great deal of concern about the online geo-location services which find and show the exact position of somebody through the net. Ninety-one percent of parents said search engines and social networking sites should not be able to share the physical location of children with other companies unless the parents approve.
    “The survey results present a clear divide between the industry’s view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids,” Common Sense Media CEO and founder James Steyer said.
    “American families are deeply worried about how their personal information is being used by technology and online companies, yet the companies appear to be keeping their heads deep in the sand,” Steyer said.
    IT companies need to step up but parents, children, schools and government also need to do more, he said.
    “Parents and kids have to educate themselves about how to protect their information,” he said. “Schools should teach all students and their parents about privacy protection.”
    “And finally, policymakers have to update privacy policies for the 21st century,” he said. According to the survey, more than 60 percent of parents want the US Congress to update online privacy laws for children and teenagers.
    小题1: What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
    A．Refusing to admit the problem.B．Refusing to work with others.
    C．Trying to find a solution to the problemD．Trying to look deep into the problem.
    小题2: According to James Steyer, the following organizations should make more contributions to protecting    
    children’s online privacy except __________.
    A．IT companiesB．GovernmentC．SchoolsD．Nonprofit Organizations
    小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?
    A．Parents are worried about social networks because they lead to the children’s failing grades.
    B．Most US parents agree that the online geo-location services should be forbidden.
    C．Most USparents will support a law that limits IT companies to using personal information.
    D．US Congress has not yet passed any online privacy law for children and teenagers.
    小题4: Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
    A．US Congress to Update Privacy Policies for 21st Century
    B．Common Sense Media Warns Against Social Networks
    C．US Parents Want Better Online Privacy Protection for Kids
    D．Worry Grows for Problems Caused by Social Networks

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    From James Dean to Growing Pains, Hollywood has long had a love affair with the relationship between teens and their parents. As the fascination with this relationship attests, parents play a crucial role in the development of their children's personalities.
    Teenagers learn by closely observing what people around them do. Parents are literally their first teachers and serve as role models. From hygiene to habits, from time management to personal manner, parents form the foundation of their children's characteristics. These tiny individual factors on our everyday behavior collectively constitute who we are.
    A second influence occurs at the spiritual level. Parental treatment of children is reflected in children's relationship with others. For example, my dad was quite angry with my study habits a few years back and lost his temper.I clearly remember that I too would easily lose my cool and shout at people, often saying things I later regretted, in those difficult days.
    Parents of my fellow classmates often tend to be anxious about the studies of their children, which can lead to a lack of confidence in their children. If we are boats weathering a storm as we navigate toward maturity, then parents should be our captains. It is as easy to lead us to shipwreck as is to take us ashore safely.
    To be fair, the guidance and influence of our parents are not the sole factors in molding us. There are numerous examples of teens forging their own paths and becoming something of which their parents never dreamed. Even so, parents must be a fundamental force that positively influences their children. At their best, they can help to solve teenage problems with a respect for their children's thoughts.
    小题1: James Dean and Growing Pains in the first paragraph are described as follows EXCEPT    .
    A．they are about love affairs in family life
    B．they are mentioned at the beginning of the passage to introduce the topic
    C．they reflect a very important role parents play in childhood development
    D．they are typical presentations of the relationship between teens and their parents
    小题2: If parents are worried about the studies of their children, their children will      .
    A．easily lose their temperB．lack self-confidence
    C．follow their own pathsD．tend to shout at people
    小题3: We can conclude from the passage that      .
    A．teens will always be what their parents expect them to
    B．parents' behavior influences their children both physically and mentally
    C．the guidance and influence of parents are the only factor in molding teens
    D．parents should be our captains when we teens are on boats in a storm
    小题4: The passage is intended mainly for      .
    A．teensB．teachersC．studentsD．parents

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory, communicational and social development． Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for Kindergarten．
    There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education．Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life．Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to jail．
    There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early．Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work．” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school．Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier．
    Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years．It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early education．Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children．Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap．
    小题1:The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is ________．
    A．to develop the children’s communication
    A．to give orphaned children good care and education
    C．to get the children prepared for the kindergarten
    D．to train the children formally and regularly
    小题2:According to the studies, which of the following is True?
    A．Children with good early education may have a rich life．
    B．The orphaned children are usually unhappy in their life．
    C．Children without early education can do well at school．
    D．Head Start programs are helpful to the poor children．
    小题3:The author’s attitude toward the early childhood education is _________．
    A．puzzlingB．objectiveC．indifferentD．approving
    小题4:The main idea of the last passage is that __________．
    A．the early childhood education is very necessary
    B．Head Start programs have helped the children a lot
    C．environment is the most important to life’s success
    D．better ways should be found to help the poor children

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
    One of the speaking rules you need to know might sound strange to most ESL(English as a second language) students, but it is one of the most important rules. If you want to pass examinations, then study grammar. However, if you want to become fluent in English, then you should try to learn English without studying the grammar.
    Studying grammar will only slow you down and confuse you. You will think about the rules when creating sentences instead of naturally saying a sentence like a native. Remember that only a small fraction(部分) of English speakers know more than 20% of all the grammar rules. Many ESL students know more grammar than native speakers. I can confidently say this with experience. I am a native English speaker, majored in English Literature, and have been teaching English for more than 10 years. However, many of my students know more details about English grammar than I do. When they sometimes ask me about grammar, I can easily look up the definition(定义) and apply it, but I can’t tell them the answer off the top of my head.
    I often ask my native English friends some grammar questions, and only a few of them know the correct answer. However, they are fluent in English and can read, speak, listen, and communicate effectively.
    Do you want to be able to recite the definition of a causative verb(使役动词), or do you want to be able to speak English fluently?
    小题1:According to the author, what opinion do most ESL students hold?
    A．Grammar matters a lot only in speaking.
    B．Grammar doesn’t matter much in speaking.
    C．Grammar is not important in English learning.
    D．Grammar is very important in English learning.
    小题2: What is the author?
    A．An ESL student.
    B．A native English teacher.
    C．A native English student.
    D．A teacher teaching English natives.
    小题3: The underlined part “off the top of my head” means ________.
    A．without consideration
    B．on purpose
    C．after thinking
    D．with difficulty
    小题4:Which of the following titles best suits the text?
    A．Grammar Counts!
    B．Fluency or Grammar?
    C．Exams or No Exams?
    D．No More Grammar!

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    1) Your teens don’t want you to be their friends. What they need is for you to be a reliable responsible role model worthy of their respect, and not some overgrown child who wears too tight jeans or T-shirts with slogans advocating the good points of 100 proof liquor.
    2) Don’t debate the teen ever. If she wants to debate, suggest she sign up for the Debate Club. If you buy into their teen logic (which is basically illogic, the product of an immature brain and every extreme of emotion known to mankind) your mouth will go dry. Teens need to know that no means no. Remember when your teen was two years old and he said “no” a lot? Well now it’s your turn, particularly when your teen wants to engage in behaviors that are dangerous.
    3) Don’t buy your teen a car. If you do, he will total it in record time. Guaranteed. The teen should earn the car, or at least a portion of it (and by that I don’t mean one of the tires). You know how you take much better care of an item of clothing you spent a fortune on compared to one you bought in a bargain basement? It’s the same thing, only a car can do serious damage.
    4) Encourage sports participation even if your teen has two left feet. In some sports, two left feet won’t knock him out of the box, so to speak. Sports participation develops perseverance and cheerfully functioning as a team member. You also will know where your child is every day after school (on the field, that is, or at a rival school). Just make sure you root for the right team, okay? Been there, done that.
    5) Let the school know you in a good way so that school personnel do not dive under the desk when you approach. If you are asked to speak at the school, your teen will feel mighty proud. If you make something for the bake sale, try to make it taste edible and if you can’t see it through, do yourself and your child a favor and buy something at the local bakery or supermarket.
    6) To know your teens’ friends is to know your teens. Teens have a secret life, and a parent’s goal is to find out secrecy that is sometimes thicker than the CIA and the KGB combined. If you really want to know what your kid is up to, get to know their friends. How? By being warm and kind, and by asking questions that don’t sound like an interrogation（审讯）, but serve that purpose without their knowing it.
    小题1: When your kids are doing something that might negatively affect their future, you should _____.
    A．have your kids express their opinions fully and then discuss with them
    B．think about how you can be their close friends
    C．report that to their school immediately
    D．say no and tell them that they must stop
    小题2: According to the passage, as a parent, you should encourage your kids __________.
    A．to wear too tight jeansB．to sign up for the Debate Club
    C．to be greatly involved in sportsD．to make as many friends as they can
    小题3: The underlined word “total” in the third paragraph probably means ________.
    A．damageB．addC．buyD．earn
    小题4: The passage mainly wants you to know that __________.
    A．kids have their secrecy and freedom
    B．Raising Teenagers calls for certain parenting skills
    C．your teen needs some house rules
    D．the family is changing

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The hardworking blacksmith Jones used to work all day in his shop and so hard-working was he that at times he would make the sparks (火星) fly from his hammer.
    The son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith every day and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the tradesman worked.
    “Young man, why don’t you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks (钉), even if it is only to pass the time?” said the blacksmith. “Who knows, one day, it may be of use to you.”
    The lazy boy began to see what he could do. But after a little practice he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks.
    Old Mr. Smith died and the son on account of the war lost all his goods. He had to leave home and was forced to live in another country. It so happened that in this village there were many shoemakers who were spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes and even at times when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldiers’ shoes.
    Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in the workshop. The shoemakers were only too glad of the offer. And after a while, Mr. Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village.
    “How funny it seems,” he used to say, “even making tacks can make money. My trade is more useful to me than all my former riches.”
    小题1: The young man learnt to make shoe tacks because ________.
    A．his father told him to B．he wanted to learn a skill
    C．Jones encouraged him toD．he just wanted to pass his time
    小题2: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．Old Mr. Smith enjoyed making the shoe tacks.
    B．The blacksmith had predicted the young man would be in need of the skill.
    C．The higher prices they paid, the more tacks the shoemakers would get.
    D．The young man earned his living by his skills learnt when he was young.
    小题3: What can we learn from the story?
    A．Practice makes perfect.B．Skill makes life easy.
    C．A good beginning makes a good ending.D．Every man has his gift.

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