Question

9．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）画掉．
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词．
         2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
How to handle complaints
It sometimes happens that the tourists feel dissatisfied with the arrangement or circumstances of the tour and complain of discomforts．In this case what should a tour guide do with to handle the complaints？
When deal with complaints，the tour guide should listen to the tourist carefully，politely and patiently．Unless it is absolute necessary，don't interrupt the tourist until he or she has finished．Then，making a short apology．It is also necessary to repeat the complaint to make sure that the tour guide has fully understood the real problem．If it is possible，the tour guide should also write down what the tourist say．And then，decide whom is to handle this complaint．If it is only a minor one and the tour guide could handle it by him or herself，what should done is to explain to the tourist the actions to be taken when this will be done．If a manager should handle this complaint，the tour guide should first inform him and her and then arrange a meeting with the tourist．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要讲述了面对游客的投诉，导游应该如何恰当地处理应对．

解答 How to handle complaints
It sometimes happens that the tourists feel dissatisfied with the arrangement
or circumstances of the tour and complain of discomforts．In this case what
should a tour guide do with  to handle the complaints？
When deal with complaints，the tour guide should listen to the tourist carefully，
politely and patiently．Unless it is absolute necessary，don't interrupt the tourist
until he or she has finished．Then，making a short apology．It is also necessary to
repeat the complaint to make sure that the tour guide has fully understood the real
problem．If it is possible，the tour guide should also write down what the tourist say．
And then，decide whom is to handle this complaint．If it is only a minor one and the
tour guide could handle it by him or herself，what should∧done is to explain to the tourist
the actions to be taken when this will be done．If a manager should handle this complaint，
the tour guide should first inform him and her and then arrange a meeting with the tourist．
详解：
1．arrangement改为arrangements    考查名词的单复数   此处的意思是：游客对一些旅行安排或细节感到不满；由于circumstance是可数名词，故用其复数形式arrangements．
2．去掉do之后的with  考查及物动词    本句的意思是：在这种情况下，导游应该怎么（做些什么）来处理投诉？由于do在本句中是及物动词，意为：做；do with意为：处理；故去掉do之后的with． 
3．deal改为dealing   考查现在分词   此处用在when之后作时间状语，由于动词deal与其逻辑主语the tour 构成主谓关系，故用dealing．
4．absolute改为absolutely   考查副词   此处用来修饰形容词necessary，故用副词absolutely．
5．making改为make   考查祈使句    本句为省略了主语you的祈使句，故此处应使用动词原形，故用make．
6．say改为said   考查时态    此处指的是：游客曾经说过的话，所以应使用一般过去时，故用said．
7．whom改为who   考查特殊疑问词    此处在宾语从句中作主语，指的是"谁"；故用who．
8．him改为himself    考查反身代词"by+反身代词"意为：单独地，独自地；此处指的是（他自己）单独…；故用himself．
9．should后加be   考查情态动词的被动语态    由于主语what与动词do之间是被动关系，故此处应使用情态动词的被动语态；故在should后加be．  
10．and 改为or    考查句意理解以及连词    此处指的是：导游应首先通知他或她，然后安排与游客会面；此处表示选择，而不是并列关系；故用or．

点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．