1.People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions-and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack,University of Glasgow researcher,said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do,Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,"Jack said."Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues,the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed.As a result,facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13Western Caucasian and 13East Asian people while they observed pictures of.expressive faces and put them into categories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,or neutral.They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners."The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,"Jack said."Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion,Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short,the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.From here on,examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion.Otherwise,when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures,Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
66.The discovery shows that WesternersA.
A.pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B.consider facial expressions universally reliable
C.observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D.have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
67.What were the people asked to do in the study?C
A.To make a face at each other.B.To get their faces impressive.
C.To classify some face pictures.D.To observe the researchers'faces.
68.What does the underlined word"they"in Paragraph 6refer to?A
A.The participants in the study.
B.The researchers of the study.
C.The errors made during the study.
D.The data collected from the study.
69.In comparison with Westerners,Easterners are likely toC.
A.do translation more successfully
B.study the mouth more frequently
C.examine the eyes more attentively
D.read facial expressions more correctly
70.What can be the best title for the passage?B
A.The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B.Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C.Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D.How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding.
分析 本文是科普说明文,主要叙述了经过研究发现东方人与西方人看不同的面貌特征看面部表情是不同的,而西方人用全脸来表达情感东方人多用眼睛来表达情感而嘴使用更少,简而言之这个数据表明,面部表情并不普遍的人类情感的信号.面部表情并不普遍的人类情感的信号.
解答 66.A 细节理解题.根据第三段第2行"Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure"可知,西方人看眼睛和嘴,故选A.
67.C 推理判断题.根据第五段第三行"they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories"可知,那些人被邀请过去是为了对面部表情进行分类的,故选C.
68.A 推理判断题.根据第四段中"The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13Western Caucasian and 13East Asian people while they observed pictures of."可知,they就是指参加实验的那些东西方人,故选A.
69.C 细节理解题.根据倒数第2段最后三行"Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion,Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."可知,东方人多用眼睛来表达情感而嘴使用相对少.
70.B 主旨大意题.通读全文可知文章正是关于理解情绪方面的东西方文化差异的问题,故选B.
点评 解答细节理解题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案;推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点.