13.On October 24,1929-"Black Thursday"-a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.The Great Depression began.By 1932,thousands of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half,farm income had fallen by more than half,wages had decreased 60percent,new investment was down 90percent and one out of every four workers was unemployed.
The Republican president,Herbert Hoover was unable to take measures to deal with the economic collapse.So in the 1932election,he was defeated by Democrat Franklin D.Roosevelt,who promised"a New Deal for the American people".
Within the"Hundred Days",Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy.The Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work in reforestation and flood.
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration aided state and local relief funds.The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to reduce production,thus raising crop prices.The Tennessee Valley Authority built a network of dams in the Tennessee River area to generate electricity,control floods and manufacture fertilizer.The National Recovery Administration regulated fair competition among businesses and ensured bargaining rights and minimum wages for workers.
The Social Security Act of 1935established contributory old age and survivors'pensions,as well as a joint federal state program of unemployment insurance.
The Work Progress Administration was one of the most effective of the New Deal measures.Financed by taxes collected by the federal government,the WPA created millions of jobs by undertaking the construction of roads,bridges,airports and other public buildings.It kept workers in the job,thus preserving their skills and their self-respect.
The New Deal programs did not end the Depression.But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.
66.According to the passage,"Black Thursday"is the dayC.
A.of selling stocks
B.of reducing industrial production
C.the Great Depression began
D.the New Deal was implemented
67.The New Deal is a number of lawsD.
A.to make young people plant trees and build dams
B.to aid state and local relief funds
C.to deal with workers
D.to deal with economic problems
68.The WPA was an effective measure becauseB.
A.it provided workers jobs of building roads and airports
B.it preserved workers'skill and self-respect
C.it provided financial aids to workers
D.it ensured workers'minimum wages
69.Roosevelt made his New Deal programs effective throughD.
A.his presidential power
B.government taxation
C.congress reputation
D.government intervention.
分析 本文介绍了在经济大萧条开始时,罗斯福制定新政策.新政增加政府对经济直接或间接干预,缓解了大萧条带来的经济危机与社会矛盾.
解答 66.C.细节理解题.根据文章""Black Thursday"-a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.The Great Depression began"可知,黑色星期四是大萧条的开始.故选C.
67.D.细节理解题.根据文章"Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy"可知,罗斯福通过国会制定了一些法律,以帮助经济复苏.故选D.
68.B.细节理解题.根据文章"It kept workers in the job,thus preserving their skills and their self-respect."可知,WPA 保护了他们的技能和他们的自尊.
69.D.细节理解题.根据文章"The New Deal programs did not end the Depression.But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention."可知,Roosevelt的新政策由于政府的介入得以实行,使经济状况得到了改善.
点评 本文是考察学生历史文化类阅读理解文章.这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等.这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题.