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    Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that men’s hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause.
    The research of ageing on the heart has shown that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age.
    “We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
    “Within the heart there are millions of cells which make it beat.Between the ages of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men ,” said Samantha.“This is part of the ageing process.”
    What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells.A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old one’s.
    “This gender （性别）difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women,”said Samantha.They studied over 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 17 and 80, who are mainly healthy persons so as to reduce the influence of disease.“The team has yet to think about why ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart,” said Samantha.
    But there is also good news -- men can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise.Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.
    小题1:The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph means “________”.
    A．healthB．long lifeC．ageingD．effect
    小题2:The text mainly talks about ________.
    A．men’s heart cellsB．women’s ageing process
    C．the gender differenceD．hearts and long life
    小题3:According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________.
    A．men have fewer cells than women when they are born
    B．women can produce the cells that make the heart beat
    C．the female heart suffers less loss of the cells with age
    D．women will never suffer the loss of pumping power with age
    小题4:If you want to live a long life, you should ________.
    A．enable your heart to beat much faster
    B．think about the reason for ageing
    C．take regular exercise to keep your heart healthy
    D．stop your cells from being lost

    小题1:B
    小题2:D
    小题3:C
    小题4:C

    试题分析：本文分析了女性比男性长寿的原因，是因为女性的心脏受年龄的变化较小，因此能够让女性活得更久。
    小题1:B 推理题。根据文章第一段第一句Why do men live a shorter life than women?和第二段第一句The research of ageing on the heart has shown that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age.可知本文研究的是女性为什么比男性更长寿，故该词是指B项。
    小题2:D 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that men’s hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause.可知本文讲述的是女性比男性长寿也许是因为女性的心脏随着年龄的变化受损较少。故D正确。
    小题3:C 细节题。根据文章第五段1,2行What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells.A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old one’s.可知女性的心脏随着年龄的变化影响较小，故C正确。
    小题4:C 推理题。根据文章最后一段But there is also good news -- men can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise.Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.可知要想保持健康，我们要加强锻炼。故C项正确。
    点评：本文分析了女性比男性长寿的原因，是因为女性的心脏受年龄的变化较小，因此能够让女性活得更久。要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
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    A．sitting for too long leads to increased health risks
    B．standing desks have replaced sit-down ones in Facebook Inc.
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    A．The history of people’s sleeping patterns．
    B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times．
    C．Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit．
    D．The minimum of our sleeping hours．
    小题2:Which of the following is Dr．David’s opinion?
    A．People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep．
    B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6．5 hours’ sleep a night．
    C．If they get 8．5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition．
    D．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't．
    小题3:People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9．5 hours a night because _______．
    A．they had no electricity
    B．they knew what was best for their health
    C．they were forced by their parents to do so
    D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
    小题4:The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _______．
    A．the endless TV programs in the evenings and the internet
    B．the heavy work load of the day
    C．the sufficient energy modern people usually have
    D．loud noises in the modern cities
    小题5:What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?
    A．Person or thing that is being discussed or described．
    B．Branch of knowledge studied in a school．
    C．Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on．
    D．Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler．

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