Question

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (学会) of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (严格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
小题1: Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills, ___________.

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

D．will make the child lose interest in learning new things

小题2: In the process of children's learning new skills, parents ________.

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should expect a lot of the children

C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

小题3: The second paragraph mainly tells us that ___________.

A．parents should be strict with their children

B．parental controls reflect only the values of the community

C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone

D．it's parents' and society's duty to control the children

小题4:The word "precept" in Paragraph 3 probably means "___________".

A．opinion

B．punishment

C．behavior

D．instruction

小题5:In terms of moral matters, parents should _________.

A．follow the rules themselves

B．be aware of the huge difference between adults and children

C．forbid their children to follow hook teachings

D．always ensure the security of their children

Answer 1

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A

小题1:推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普遍的，故选B。根据文章第一段第二句，选项C。sets up dangerous states of worry in the child是由hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate引起的，“迫不及待地要求孩子做超出其自然成长速度的事情”和“热切地观察孩子学会每一项新技能”显然不是一回事，作者对后者没有否定之意，所以A不对。根据文章第一段末句，选项取D。will make him lose interest in learning new things是由a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities引起的。故D也不合文意。
小题2:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate，but this can set Up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child，说明在孩于成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。文章第一段末句又说：On the other hand，though，if a child is left alone too much，or without any learning opportunities，he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself，说明对孩子太放任自流同样不利。根据这两方面，应选C，父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰当的度。
小题3:主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是:“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。
小题4:词义推测题．四个选项的意思分别是：A. opinion(观点)；B. punishment(惩罚)；C. bebaviour(行为)；D．instruction(说教，源于instruct)。根据文章第三段第三，四句Also，parents should realize that“example is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(说教)…可以推测，precept应表达与example对立的意思，且与preach是同义词，引语的意思是“榜样比说教更有力”，故选项D为最佳选项。
小题5:推理判断题．根据文章第三段第四句，再根据文章最后一段，可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，带头遵循，(参见上一小题之解析)，故选A。