Question

13．Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure．One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule，protecting them from the body-and the body from them-until they can be released at just the right spot．There are lots of ways to trigger （引发） this release，including changing temperature，acidity，and so on．But triggers can come with their own risks-burns，for example．Now，researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near-infrared light （NIR，近红外线） on the drug in the capsule．
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new．Researchers around the globe have developed polymers （聚合物） and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet （UV，紫外线） or visible light．But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light，which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin，where the light can reach the capsule．NIR light largely passes through tissues，so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger．But few compounds （化合物） absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes．
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi，a chemist at the University of California，San Diego，reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light．Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl （ONB）．When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading to its breakdown．But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber，and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer．
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better．This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer．Cresol contains reactive（易反应的） components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form，a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage．After polymerizing the cresols，they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc．When the Bhcs absorb NIR light，the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains．Shining additional light continues this breakdown，potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule．What's more，Almutairi says，Bhc is 10times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells．

63．According to the passage，which of the following could be the best trigger？B
A．Temperature change．
B．NIR light．
C．Acidity change．
D．UV light．
64．Why is ONB unsatisfactory？D
A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light．
B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release．
C．It has not come onto the market up till now．
D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous．
65．Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes？C
A．protected         
B．formed      
C．exposed      
D．combined．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇科普文章，主要围绕"怎样使用胶囊，让我们生病更加安全、而且疗效好"这个主题展开话题，解决方法之一是将药物装入胶囊内，通过红外线来引发胶囊药物的释放．

解答 63．B   细节推理题．根据第一段最后两句"Now，researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule．"可知，研究者设计了一种包含在药物胶囊里的无害的触发器，通过红外线来引发胶囊药物的释放，因此最后的触发器是NIR light，故选B．
64．D   细节理解题．根据第三段尾句"But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber，and it could be poisonous tocells when it separates from the polymer．"可知，六氯还已烷对身体细胞没有害，在吸收近红外线方面，比邻硝基要好10倍并且对细胞不会产生有害副作用，故选D．
65．C    细节归纳题．根据尾段关键词、句"a long chain of compounds called cresol groups""Cresol contains reactive（易反应的） componentsthat…""When…，the reactivegroups are exposed and break…""…continues thisbreakdown"可知，六氯还已烷吸收近红外线后，易反应性组曝光，把长链聚合物破坏成两个短链聚合物．故选C．

点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．