McDonald's is the world single biggest food provider with annual sales of around $12.4bn. And the company's symbol Ronald McDonald is now （or so the company claims） the world's most recognized person after Santa Claus.
The first McDonald's restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald. Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius. He had already invented the drive-in laundry and had been the first person to use neon lights in advertising. Now he spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service.
After a slow start, business began to boom. By 1954, the brothers were joined by another entrepreneur, a kitchen equipment salesman called Ray A Kroc who owned the franchise to the Multimixer, milk shake maker used throughout the McDonald's chain. A year later, Kroc had bought the McDonald brothers' chain of 25 franchises for the equivalent of around $70m（￡44m）. Dick remained with the company until the Seventies, when he and Kroc fell out over Kroc's claim that the chain was his creation.
Today, an almost Stalinist cult of personality surrounds Kroc （who died in 1984） at McDonald's, while the brothers who gave the company its name have all but been written out of its history. But though Kroc did not found McDonald's, he was certainly responsible for the empire-building philosophy which led to its world domination. He ushered in such essential contributions to international cuisine as the Big Mac （1968） and the Egg McMuffin （1973）; and helped launch Ronald McDonald —— “in any language he means fun” —— on to television in 1963.
Every three hours, a new McDonald's franchise opens somewhere in the world; it can be found in more than 100 countries including India （vegetarian-only to avoid offending the non-beef-eating populace） and Israel （non kosher, despite fierce local objection）. McDonald's chain embodied the thrusting, can-do spirit of Fifties America with staff mottoes such as “If you've got time to lean, you've got time to clean.”
1.McDonald's was founded _____.
A. by a kitchen equipment salesman
B. in California
C. by a marketing genius called Dick McDonald
D. after the first World War
2.What do we know about McDonald's brothers?
A. They were not McDonald's founders although they named the restaurant.
B. Their business was still in depression after several years.
C. They had clear job separation on business.
D. They sold their restaurant to a salesman in 1954.
3.Which is not Kroc's contribution to McDonald's ?
A. He launched the restaurant image Ronald McDonald on to television.
B. Under his lead, international cuisine as the Big Mac and the Egg McMuffin earned worldwide fame
C. He spotted the gap in postwar market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants.
D. He built McDonald's empire with a philosophy which led to its world domination.
4.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. The single biggest food provider was however, not named after its founder
B. The international cuisine as the Big Mac, a beef hamburger, is provided every chain restaurant in the world.
C. Employees in McDonald's have no time to lean.
D. The symbol Ronald McDonald, means fun in any language, is said to the world most recognized person after Santa Claus.
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.D
【解析】
试题分析：麦当劳是世界上单一的最大的食物供应商。世界上第一个麦当劳餐厅开张于1948年在加利福尼亚的San Bernardino，由麦当劳俩兄弟一手创办。经过缓慢的起步，生意开始兴隆起来。1954年，Kroc加入并联手把麦当劳连锁店开到世界各地，为世人所熟知。现在每三个小时在世界上的某一个地方就有一个麦当劳连锁店开张。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段的The first McDonald’s restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald.（第一个麦当劳餐厅开张于1948年在加利福尼亚的San Bernardino，由麦当劳俩兄弟一手创办。）排除其他选项，选择B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius. （Mac经营着路边的餐馆；Dick则是销售天才。），我们了解到：兄弟俩各有分工。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段最后的Now he （指Dick） spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service. （Dick发现了战后刚刚繁荣的便宜的、家庭经营的饭店，简单的菜单、标准的食物和高效的服务。）故选C。
4.推断判断题。根据第一段的And the company’s symbol Ronald McDonald is now (or so the company claims) the world’s most recognized person after Santa Claus.(公司的标志Ronald McDonald现在是或者公司自称是当今世界上继圣诞老人之后最容易被认出的人。)和倒数第二段in any language he means fun（无论任何语言，他都是好玩的意思。）” 选择答案D。
考点：日常生活类阅读。
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金牌教辅培优优选卷期末冲刺100分系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him. You may say something like this, “I’m afraid it’ll have to be some place cheap, as I have very little money.” The other person may say, “OK, I’ll meet you at McDonald’s.” This means that two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself. He may also say, “Oh, no. I want to take you to lunch at Johnson’s”, or “I want you to try the steak(牛排) there. It’s great.” This means the person wants to pay for both of you. If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal. You may just say, “Thank you. That would be very nice.”
American customs about who pays for dates(约会) are much the same as in other parts of the world. In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals. But, today, a university girl or a woman in the business world will usually pay her own way during the day. If a man asks her to dinner or a dance outside the working hours, it means “come as my guest”. So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the very beginning.
In the old days _______ often paid for all the meals.
A. women B. men
C. university students D. businessmen
“To go Dutch” means to _______.
A. go to play outside B. eat out
C. pay for oneself D. go to a cheaper eating place
“McDonald’s” here means _______.
A. a tea house B. a gate
C. an office D. an eating place
If you feel friendly to the person, _______.
A. you should pay for him B. you needn’t pay for him
C. you can accept his invitation D. you can’t accept his invitation
We’d better know who will pay for the meal _______.
A. at the beginning B. at the end
C. in the middle of the meal D. after drinking
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
When I was a girl, in the deserts of Somalia(索马里), my family was nomadic(游牧的), 36 with our animals, and leading a happy life.
I was about thirteen 37 my father called me at the end of a hot day. “Come and 38 here.” He said．“I’ve found you a 39 ! We have arranged that he will 40 me five camels. “ That night I ran away. I was 41．For almost three weeks, I walked 42 the desert, and finally I got to my auntie’s house in Mogadishu. Auntie’s husband was an ambassador（大使）, and in a few months I 43 Britain to work at his London house.
One day a 44 called Michael Goss saw me in the street. He took my picture and the photographs were 45 . “You should try and do 46 ,” he told me. When my aunt and uncle 47 Africa, I stayed in London. I found a place to stay and got 48 at McDonald’s before I took Michael Goss’s photographs to an agency one day. They 49 me to a studio, and my picture appeared 50 of the Pirelli calendar. Soon after that, the agency got me 51 in the James Bond film The Living Daylights.
That was seven years ago. Since then I’ve done modeling all over the world and I’ve had frequent 52 in magazines such as Vogue and Elle. I have 53 hosted the US music program Soul Train.
Once 54 five camels, now I can 55 up to ??5000 for one day’s work. I have gone from the bottom to the top.
36．A．working hard B．living together C．looking after D．moving around
37．A．when B．after C．as D．before
38．A．listen B．sit C．work D．see
39．A．business B．boss C．husband D．chance
40．A．support B．provide C．share D．give
41．A．excited B．worried C．frightened D．surprised
42．A．around B．through C．inside D．beyond
43．A．flew to B．stayed in C．chose D．left
44．A．director B．editor C．photographer D．writer
45．A．satisfied B．beautiful C．well-mannered D．young
46．A．designing B．photographing C．dressing D．modeling
47．A．moved to B．changed for C．returned to D．started for
48．A．something to eat B．a job C．a bedroom D．a workroom
49．A．sent B．wanted C．ordered D．informed
50．A．in the list B．on the cover C．in the ads D．on the page
51．A．a rise B．a job C．a part D．an actress
52．A．interviews B．performances C．visits D．appearances
53．A．already B．even C．yet D．still
54．A．looking after B．feeding C．worth D．as much as
55．A．pay B．spend C．give D．earn
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In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named Mcdonald. They operated a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main foods on the limited menu. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s” and they were a quick success. He later took over the company and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” chains(连锁店) in America and the world.
Why was his idea so successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. During the 1960s, the movement for equality(平等) between men and women and an economy(经济) that needed more families to have two money-earners resulted in many women returning to the workplace. This meant that they had less time and energy to do housework, so they depended more on fast-food restaurants.
Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone because of divorce(离婚) or a preference for a “single lifestyle” also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another of the 1960s was called back-to-nature movement. More and more Americans based their diets on natural foods. This preference for natural foods continues to this day. These products can now be found not only in the special health food store but also in many supermarkets.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about ____.
| A．how and why “McDonald’s” became successful |
| B．the effect social and economic changes have on people’s eating habits |
| C．why Americans prefer natural food |
| D．American eating habits |
| A．His partnership with the McDonald brothers. |
| B．A changing economy. |
| C．The back-to-nature movement. |
| D．Women’s equality movement. |
| A．natural foods can also be found in McDonald’s |
| B．many married women in America returned to work in the 1960s |
| C．McDonald’s fast food is popular among the young |
| D．divorce caused people to change their eating habits |
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So you thought the hamburger was the world’s most popular fast food? After all, McDonald’s Golden Arches span（跨越）the globe（全球）. But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate（极好的）fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied than the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands and it’s delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favourite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza.
It’s kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was “invented”. It changed over the years, but one thing’s for certain—it’s been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them “plakuntos” and ate them with various simple toppings（配料）such as oil, garlic（大蒜）, onions and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it “picea”. By about 1000 AD in the city of Naples, “picea” had become “pizza” and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King UmbertoⅠand Queen Margherita heard about pizza and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named “Pizza Margherita” in her honour.
Pizza went to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World WarⅡ and raved about(夸赞) “that great Italian dish”. Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world.
【小题1】Which is the correct order of the changes of pizza?
| A．Plakuntos→pizza→picea | B．Pizza→plakuntos→picea |
| C．Picea→plakuntos→pizza | D．Plakuntos→picea→pizza |
| A．Because pizza first became popular in these countries. |
| B．Because pizza was invented in these countries. |
| C．Because one topping was brought to Italy from these countries. |
| D．Because people there are the greatest consumers of pizza. |
| A．There is a picture of a Pizza Margherita. | B．They have the same colours. |
| C．Both of them represent Italy. | D．They are both popular in Italy. |
| A．McDonald’s and Pizza | B．Global Pizza |
| C．Pizza in the United States | D．How to Make Pizza |
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Every people（民族）uses its own special（特殊的）words to show its ideas and feelings. Some expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is“Where’s the beef?”It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be In the early 1980s “Where’s the beef?”was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone was using it at the time.
Beef, of course,is the meat form a cow, and no food is more popular in America than a hamburger（汉堡包）made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurants“McDonald’ s”.Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America.
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53．_______started Mc Donald’s restaurant.
A．Ray Kroc B．McDonald C．Wendy D．Three old women
54．Other people wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought_______.
A．they could sell hamburgers at a low price B．hamburgers were easy to make
C．beef was very popular in America D．they could make a lot of money
55．Wendy’s made the expression known to everybody_______.
A．with many old women eating hamburgers
B．by a television advertisement
C．while selling bread with a bit of meat in it
D．at the McDonald’s restaurant
56．We can learn from the passage that the expression“Where’s the beef?”means_______.
A．the beef in hamburgers is not as much as it is said to be
B．the hamburgers are not as good as they are said to be
C．something is not so good as one says
D．Wendy’s is the biggest
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