Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday, but only on Friday. This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（士气）. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative effect on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
【小题1】David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because __________.
| A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt |
| B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance |
| C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time |
| D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes |
| A．they make him feel at ease when working |
| B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes |
| C．he looks handsome in casual clothes |
| D．he no longer works for any company |
| A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code. |
| B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. |
| C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. |
| D．All the employers in the U.S. are for casual office wear. |
| A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. |
| B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. |
| C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. |
| D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people. |
| A．saving employees’ money |
| B．making employees more attractive |
| C．improving employees’ motivation |
| D．making employees happier |
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】C
【小题5】B
解析试题分析：本文讲述的是在西方国家的公司里越来越多的工作人员都传休闲服工作，文章解释了具体的原因和这样做的好处。
【小题1】C 推理题。根据文章第一段“I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.”可知他带了另外一套衣服，防止这一套有皱纹，就患上另外一套，说明他希望自己的穿着很整洁。故C正确。
【小题2】A 细节题。根据第一段3,4行He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”可知穿休闲服装让他更舒服，很随意。故A正确。
【小题3】D 推理题。根据文章第二段第一句Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes?可知很多公司都允许工人穿休闲服。但是并没有说所有的公司都是支持这样做的。故D项内容不准确。
【小题4】C 推理题。根据“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.说明这种做法是的得到老板的支持和同意的。故C正确。
【小题5】B 细节题。根据文章最后一段Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes.和Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money.可知ACD三项都是文章中所提及的穿休闲装的优势，故B正确。
考点：考察社会现象类短文阅读
点评：本文讲述的是在西方国家的公司里越来越多的工作人员都传休闲服工作，文章解释了具体的原因和这样做的好处。本文要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。
科目：高中英语 来源：四川省自贡市普高2010级第四次诊断性考试（英语） 题型：阅读理解
Chinese reports say the country’s vast pool of cheap labor is getting smaller, which could hurt an economy that heavily depends on labor-intensive manufacturing.
The academy’s research shows that China’s rural labor surplus, the source of migrant workers for the country’s factories, is about 50 million people—far less than the previously estimated 150 to 200 million.
Jonathan Unger, director of the Contemporary China Center at the Australian National University, says fewer rural residents are willing to leave their farms today. This is partly because there are more employment opportunities in rural areas, and because agricultural prices have gone up.
“And at the same time taxes in the countryside, fees in the countryside have gone down because of new sets of government policies,” he explained. “So people are not eagerly forced in the way they were five, six years ago to leave the farm in order to earn enough money for their families.”
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says another reason for the reduced labor pool is the country’s population policy, which allows city residents to have just one child, and farmers up to two if the first one is a girl.
A UN study predicts that China’s workforce will reach its top in 2015 and then gradually drop. Some of China’s major manufacturing areas, such as Guangdong Province, already face labor shortages.
Some economists think these shortages are, at least for now, a regional rather than a national problem. Sun Mingchun, an economist with investment bank Lehman Brothers in Hong Kong, points out that there are still millions of people in China who can not find work.
57. According to the academy’s research, China’ rural labor surplus today is about _______.
A. 150 million B. 50 million C. 200 million D. 175 million
58. The reason why many rural residents don’t leave their farms today is ________.
A. the farmers are older than before.
B. the farmers are lazier than before
C. the farmers have much more money
D. there are more employment opportunities and agricultural prices have gone up
59. Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?
A. A study of UN estimates China’s workforce will come to the top in 2015.
B. No a study shows millions of people can’t find work in China.
C. The country’s population policy isn’t a reason for the reduced labor.
D. Five years ago, few farmers left their homes to earn money for supporting their families.
60. According to some economists, the shortage of Chinese workforce __________.
A. is a national problem B. is a regional problem
C. is not a problem D. can be solved easily
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011年广东省梅州市曾宪梓中学高一下期末考试英语试卷 题型：填空题
下面是一篇关于BBC 广播电台中BBC Kids Pre-school这个栏目下的一些具体小节目的介绍，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
首先请阅读下列应用文：
BBC Kids Pre-school
Pre-School programs air Monday - Friday from 6:00 a.m to 12 p.m ET
A. Theodore Tugboat
Theodore Tugboat is a cheery tugboat (拖船) featured in this award-winning animated maritime series (海洋动画系列). Living in the magical Big Harbor, Theodore (the friendliest tugboat in the world) works for the Great Ocean and Salvage Company fleet with his friends.
B. Postman Pat
Everyone’s favorite postman, Postman Pat and his faithful companion, Jess the Cat, are back in a completely new series packed full of humor, excitement and adventure. These all new adventures see the nation's favorite postman doing much more than just delivering post! From snowboarding to managing a pop band and even making his very own Hollywood movie, Pat is a 21st century hero indeed!
C. Pingu
Pingu is a charming young penguin (企鹅) who spends his time playing with friends and family—always up to playing tricks and getting himself into funny situations in his own sub-zero world.
D. Tweenies
Tweenies is an entertaining and informative (给予知识的) pre-school series in which the characters experience all the joys and challenges of three to five year olds. Through songs, rhymes, games, stories, puzzles and creative play, the Tweenies encourage young children to wonder, explore, enjoy and develop a range of life skills that will promote confidence (增强自信心) before they start school.
E. Fimbles
This U.K. pre-school hit follows three curious creatures as they start a never-ending path of discovery, exploration and entertainment. Revolving around (以……为中心) three special creatures living in a magical valley, Fimbles is full of the surprise, wonder and stimulation (刺激) that children experience when discovering new things. Each new "find" is a drive for play, invention and storytelling within the program.
F. Teletubbies
The four colorful Teletubbies play in Teletubbyland. They take part in fun, infant-pleasing activities such as rolling on the ground, laughing, running about, and watching real children on the televisions on their bellies. This children's program, starring Tinky Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa and Po is now watched by young children in 113 countries and is translated into 45 languages.
请阅读下面五个小孩的相关信息，然后为他们选择适合个人口味的少儿栏目。
【小题1】Mike, aged four, is a naughty (淘气的) boy, which is known to all. But sometimes he will also keep silent, especially when it’s time for Laa-Laa and Po because he has considered the two characters as his idols (偶像).
【小题2】 Joseph is only five years old but he has known a lot about Antarctic (南极). His father is a scientist who has been to Antarctic for several times. Each time he returns, his father will tell Joseph something there. So he is very interested in a special seabird there.
【小题3】 Anna, aged four, dreams of becoming a hero, because of which she likes any kind of hero. But as for heroes, she has her own standards, that is, humorousness and adventurousness.
【小题4】 Ian, aged 4, likes ocean life very much and dreams of travelling around the world by boat. Therefore, any life connected with ocean or boats will always attract him a lot.
【小题5】Susan, aged 5, likes reading stories, singing songs and reading poems. In her class, she is known as a star in every way. In her daily life, she likes any program that can help her develop some skills.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010—2011学年度广东省澄海实验高中高二下期末英语综合测试卷（二） 题型：填空题
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卷上作答。
首先阅读下列博客信息：
A：My name’s Marta and I’m from Mexico City, but I moved to Los Angeles, California, five years ago, now I am living in an apartment at No. 3178 SE Timmer Broad. I am 28, single. I am a customer service representative for a large financial company. I am an outgoing person. I love to laugh and have fun! I enjoy cooking, dancing and listening to music. I don’t like watching or playing sports. You should be an outgoing, considerate lady with a good sense of humor, to share the apartment. Are you the one? Email and let’s have further talk.
B: My name’s Mark, and I’m from Hollywood, California. I’m a fitness instructor in Los Angeles. I am a friendly and easy-going person; I love playing sports---especially football and working out at the gym. I also play the guitar. My best friend David, who often has sports with me, went to Mexico last month. To avoid loneliness, I’d like very much to own a new friend who would share the fun of sports with me. I am longing.
C: My name’s Park Jun Seo, but you can call me Jun. I move from Seoul Korea to Los Angeles two years ago. I am a graphic designer and I am looking for my younger brother, Lean Ban Seo, who might be in this city. As the story is too long, I just hope to find him and have my family reunited. He is lame at the right leg, 19 years old, 1.79 meters tall, with very big eyes and fair curly hair. With his picture of two years ago enclosed, I would be very appreciated if you have any information about that. Telephone me at 818-5789.
D: My name is Don and I am programmer at a computer company. I have designed several pieces of software that can help students learn better, especially suitable for primary students who have some language disability to learn words and help them pronounce more correctly. If you think you need one, please fax to 857-4693. You can purchase by post.
E: My name is Mauricio, and I’m a computer programmer working in Los Angeles area. I am kind of shy, but maybe you can help me to be more outgoing. I like cooking, playing computer games, and chatting whit friends online. If you think you are the proper one to be my E-pal, let’s chat!
F: My name’s Judy and I’m from Quebec, Canada. I am a sales woman in one of the women underwear stores in Montreal. I’d like to have more visitors to my shop. And you can bargain for a reduction of 10% to 30%, if you purchase in package. Let’s be friends.
请阅读以下网站回复的信息， 然后匹配回复的信息和网站原登出的博客信息，选项中有一项是多余的。
【小题1】I am a professional sportsman and work in the same city. I am so glad that I will have a good friend who can be the opponent to improve my techniques. E-mail me at bitterflower@yahoo.com.
【小题2】As a shop owner, I might drop in when I go downtown. But may I know your exact address? When is it convenient for a visit? Thank you.
【小题3】God bless you! I’m a journalist and happened to read your brief story. A neighbor of mine looks exactly the same as the man in the picture you uploaded. This might be a chance in a million. Telephone me at 818-5690.
【小题4】As a newcomer and a freshman, I am looking for a room as close to my university as possible. I would like to have some friends, too. I think your place might be the right choice for me. But can I know how much the rent is?
【小题5】I am a salesman from Paris. My first difficulty working in this city is language. I would appreciate it if you could help me learn English through the Keyboard.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年湖北省高三下学期第二次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.
1. How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?
A. By giving an example.
B. By listing the facts.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving a comparison.
2.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.
B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.
C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.
D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.
3.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.
B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.
C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.
D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.
4. The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.
A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific
B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific
C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean
D. introduce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年浙江嘉兴第一中学高三适应性考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化), it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be “re-inventing” a “garden city”.
China’s mega-cities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing rural-urban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable (可耕种的) land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.
This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the world’s largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora (大移居) when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.
On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”, a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a long-term study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.
The concept is already practiced at the grassroot level. Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. It’s common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translate to tangible (=" practical)" benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables, a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, there’re fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit --- all enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are doing.
Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy, with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites.
1.Some experts suggest re-inventing a “garden city” because ______.
A．it is the only model way to save the cities
B．it helps stop destroying the rural areas
C．increasing urbanization takes place in China
D．China has the largest population to feed
2.What is the purpose of paragraph 2?
A．To show the experts’ concern about the increase of population.
B．To persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities.
C．To explain the reasons for the change of rural-urban framework.
D．To inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization.
3.In Hua Li’s opinion, a combination of country and city will ______.
A．benefit the environment and lower living costs
B．become a project that needs a long-term study
C．lead to more rural communities being replaced
D．attract more farmers to take tours in cities
4.Zhang is mentioned (Paragraph 5) to show that ______.
A．he achieves his dream to own a hanging garden
B．hanging gardens are becoming more popular
C．the garden contributes to a better neighborhood
D．he is a pioneer to practise the gardening concept
5.As for the concept of the “garden city”, the writer feels ______.
A．desperate B．hopeful C．disappointed D．concerned
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