What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) makes you stronger and allows you to live longer?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley are challenging our long-held belief that humans are born to be selfish.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was misunderstood by his male followers, the researchers say. Rather than “every man for himself”, Darwin believed that humans are successful as a species precisely because of our educational, selfless and sympathetic characteristics.
Why has it taken so long for Darwin’s central revelation(揭示) to be properly understood? “We’ve had too many men in social science,” Berkeley psychology professor Dacher Keltner told me in an interview. “Female scientists acknowledge that caring for people is part of human nature according to the research, which shows the human ability to care exists in our brains and nerve systems.”
In my book Passages in Caregiving , I urge women who take the whole responsibility for taking care of an elderly parent or a sick relative to build a “Circle of Care”. Reach out to your brothers and sisters, friends, neighbors and community volunteers to help you care, because no one can perform this overwhelming role alone. You will be as shocked as I to learn how the most selfless caregivers are rewarded with longer life.
Sympathy is not a woman’s word. In fact it makes all of us stronger under stress and more highly respected by our peers. For so long we have repeated the false saying “Nice guys finish last”. But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.
【小题1】The first paragraph serves to .
| A．give the background of the topic |
| B．blame the world for selfishness |
| C．urge people to care for a dog |
| D．bring out the topic of the passage |
| A．share the responsibility of caring with others |
| B．take good care of themselves |
| C．learn how to live a longer life |
| D．help as many people as possible |
| A．rich people | B．poor people | C．young people | D．aged people |
| A．To argue against offering sympathy. |
| B．To use it as an example to support his opinion. |
| C．To show their generosity to society. |
| D．To call on people to learn from them. |
| A．Selflessness could be the secret to longer life |
| B．Darwin’s theory of evolution is out of date now |
| C．Measures must be taken to improve the world |
| D．Males and females have different opinions about selflessness |
【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【小题5】A
解析试题分析：这篇文章主要讲述的是无私使人类更坚强，更长寿。
【小题1】细节题。这篇文章通过第一段提出整个文章的主题思想。故选D
【小题2】细节题。在作者的书《看护》的文章中，作者建议女性要和其他人一起分担照顾他人的责任。故选A
【小题3】推断题。根据文章中But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens.但是这40个最富有的捐献了自己一半的财富的美国人都已经不再年轻了。可知，no spring chickens的意思是年龄大的人。故选D
【小题4】推断题。 根据文章最后一段But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.可知，作者最后使用一个例子来支持的他的观点：好人活的最长。故选B
【小题5】主旨题。这篇文章讲述的是无私的人总是更坚强，寿命也更长。故选A
考点：人生百味类议论文
点评：文章重在理解作者的感情基调，从全文来看，作者主要表达了无私使人类更坚强，更长寿的观点，由此可见对于议论文的文章重在把握作者的感情色彩，答题时不断提醒自己作者在讲什么，作者的是在褒义还是在贬斥，这一点非常重要。
科目：高中英语 来源：2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江西卷英语试题 题型：阅读理解
Outside her shabby cottage, old Mrs. Tailor was hanging out laundry on a wire line, unaware that some children lay hidden in the leaves of a nearby tree watching her every move. They were determined to find out if she really was a witch.
They watched as she took a broomstick to clean the dirt from her stone steps. But, much to their disappointment, she did not mount the broomstick and take flight. Suddenly, the old lady’s work was interrupted by the cackling of her hen—a signal that an egg had been laid in the warm nest on top of the haystack.
The old broomstick was put aside as she hobbled off towards the haystack followed by Sooty, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap some time back. With only three legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. The cat provided proof—the children were sure that only a witch could own a black cat with three legs.
There, standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began to climb down when, without warning, the box broke and the old lady fell.
“We have to got and help her,” whispered Amy.
“What if it is a trick?” replied Ben.
“Don’t be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,” reasoned Meg. “Come on Amy, let’s go.” The girls climbed down the tree and ran all the way to the haystack.
Approaching carefully, they could see a wound on the old lady’s face. She had knocked her head on a stone and her ankle was definitely broken. “Go and get Dad,” Amy yelled to her brother. “Tell him about the accident.”
The boys did not need another excuse to leave. They ran as fast as they could for help, hoping that Mrs. Tailor would not wake and turn the girls into frogs.
【小题1】. Why were the children hiding in the tree?
| A．They wanted to watch Mrs. Tailor do her housework closely. |
| B．They were playing a hide-and-seek game |
| C．They wanted to find out if the rumors about Mrs. Tailor were true |
| D．They were pretending to be spies |
| A．her front steps were clean | B．she noticed the children in the tree |
| C．she was ready to take a flight | D．she heard the hen cackling |
| A．he thought that she could be tricking them |
| B．he knew that they could not have been in the tree |
| C．he did not see the old lady fall down |
| D．he was afraid of the three-legged cat |
| A．Make hay while the sun shines. |
| B．Never judge a book by its cover. |
| C．People in glasshouses should not throw stones. |
| D．A bird in the hands worth two in the bush. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年江西省新余市高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
In a cab, a woman seemed in such a hurry. She constantly rushed the cab driver to drive quickly. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts of getting to the airport as soon as possible that she was not aware they were going by a different route.
All of a sudden, a young man got inside the cab. He took her handbag in which she had put her visa, passport, and all the money for the trip.
The cab driver, who was in collusion with the robber, left her in the exactly middle of a dark street. She thought that she was rather unfortunate in the very situation.
During the very night, she was told a piece of shocking news. Tears came down her cheek. Flight 360, the plane that she should have got on board, had crashed. Had she not lost her important belongings, she could surely have lost the thing far more precious——her life.
Sometimes bad things really happen. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what should we do about it? We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the faith that we will get what we deserve.
Don’t waste your time and energy on things that can’t be changed. Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you’ll be doing much more damage than what was previously done.
What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?
There was a man who won the lottery. He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on.
But when he one day made it to the front page of the newspaper again, it was a different story. He had been killed because of his riches. If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it. Life is so unpredictable. You never know what will happen next.
Live one day at a time. We sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble. But please don’t forget: sometimes misfortune can be the source of happiness. Live for the moment. Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine. Believe me. And believe in yourself. As Captain Planet always says, “The power is yours！”
1. The underlined phrase “in collusion with” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________.”
A. was forced by B. was fighting bravely against
C. was doing one’s best to beg D. had cooperated with
2. From the passage, we learn that ________.
A. robbers are sure to get what they want
B. somebody never runs out of good luck
C. the woman was lucky to miss her flight
D. if one feels oneself lucky, he or she will continue to be so
3. The writer presents the second example in order to ________.
A. warn people of the danger of winning the lottery
B. tell people life is unpredictable
C. encourage people to buy lottery
D. persuade people not to be greedy
4. According to the author, which of the following choices is the correct attitude to adopt to life?
A. Never waste any time or energy because time is so limited.
B. One needn’t be worried or feel frustrated. Believe in yourself.
C. Even while everything appears to be going smoothly, we should keep fully alert.
D. Worrying about what you don’t have
5. The passage above is intended to tell us ________.
A. misfortune sometimes is a blessing
B. we should save up for a rainy day
C. fortune just goes with those prepared minds
D. both losses and gains go hand in hand
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年安徽省高三最后一卷英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
A woman was in a hurry to go to the airport. She told the cab driver to drive quickly. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts that she was not aware they were going by a different route.
Suddenly, a man got inside the cab. He took her handbag where she had placed her visa, passport, and all her money for the trip.
The driver, who was in cahoots with the robber, left her in the middle of that dark street. She cursed the world for being so mean to her, and thought how unlucky she was in that situation.
That very same night, she heard some shocking news．Tears flowed down her face．Flight 230,which was the plane that she was supposed to have boarded, had crashed．If she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far more important—her life．
Sometimes bad things really happen．We lose money, fail our exams, or are rejected by others．There are times when nothing seems to go our way．
So what should we do about it? Should we be disappointed? The answer is a resounding “No!" We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the consistent faith that we will get what we deserve．
Don't waste your time and energy on things that can't be changed．Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you'll be doing much more damage than what was previously done．
What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?
There was a man who won the lottery．He thought he was the luckiest person in the world．He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on．
One day, he made it to the front page of the newspaper again．But this time, it was a different story．He had been killed because of his riches．
If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it．Hope for protection and guidance．Life is so unpredictable．You never know what will happen next．
Live one day at a time．we sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble．We ask ourselves: "What if I don't get this done in time?" or "What if my family leaves me and I've got no one else to turn to?"
Live for the moment．Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine． Believe me．And believe in yourself．As Captain Planet always says: "The power is yours!"
1.The underlined phrase "in cahoots with" in Paragraph 3 probably means "____"．
|
A．was forced by |
B．was fighting bravely with |
|
C．had cooperated with |
D．was trying to beg |
2.From the passage, we learn that___．
|
A．the woman was lucky to miss her flight |
|
B．some people just never run out of good luck |
|
C．robbers will get what they deserve |
|
D．if you feel yourself lucky, you will continue to be so |
3.According to the author, which of the following is the right attitude to adopt towards life?
|
A．Don't waste your time and energy because time is limited． |
|
B．There's no need to worry or get frustrated．Just believe in yourself． |
|
C．Even when everything seems to be going well, we should keep fully alert． |
|
D．Worrying about what you don't have means you miss out on opportunities for other things． |
4.The stories are intended to tell us___．
|
A．fortune only favors the prepared mind |
|
B．gains and losses go hand in hand |
|
C．misfortune might be a blessing |
|
D．we should save up for a rainy day |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2009年高考试题（江西卷）解析版 题型：阅读理解
Outside her shabby cottage, old Mrs. Tailor was hanging out laundry on a wire line, unaware that some children lay hidden in the leaves of a nearby tree watching her every move. They were determined to find out if she really was a witch.
They watched as she took a broomstick to clean the dirt from her stone steps. But, much to their disappointment, she did not mount the broomstick and take flight. Suddenly, the old lady’s work was interrupted by the cackling of her hen—a signal that an egg had been laid in the warm nest on top of the haystack.
The old broomstick was put aside as she hobbled off towards the haystack followed by Sooty, a black cat she had rescued from a fox trap some time back. With only three legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. The cat provided proof—the children were sure that only a witch could own a black cat with three legs.
There, standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began to climb down when, without warning, the box broke and the old lady fell.
“We have to got and help her,” whispered Amy.
“What if it is a trick?” replied Ben.
“Don’t be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,” reasoned Meg. “Come on Amy, let’s go.” The girls climbed down the tree and ran all the way to the haystack.
Approaching carefully, they could see a wound on the old lady’s face. She had knocked her head on a stone and her ankle was definitely broken. “Go and get Dad,” Amy yelled to her brother. “Tell him about the accident.”
The boys did not need another excuse to leave. They ran as fast as thy could for help, hoping that Mrs. Tailor would not wake and turn the girls into frogs.
1.Were the children hiding in the tree?
A. They wanted to watch Mrs. Tailor do her housework closely.
B. They were playing a hide-and-seek game
C. They wanted to find out if the rumors about Mrs. Tailor were true
D. They were pretending to be spies
2.Mrs. Tailor stopped sweeping when____
A. her front steps were clean B. she noticed the children in the tree
C. she was ready to take a flight D. she heard the hen cackling
3.Ben did not rush in help Mrs. Tailor because_____
A. he thought that she could be necking them
B. he knew that they could not have been in the tree
C. he did not the old lady fall down
D. he was afraid of the three-legged cat
4.Which of these old sayings best suits the story’s lesson for us?
A. Make hay while the sun shines.
B. Never judge a book by its cover.
C. People in glasshouses should not the stones.
D. A bird in the hands worth two in the bush.
查看答案和解析>>
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